{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T05:46:03Z","timestamp":1776059163743,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009168","name":"Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009168","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The success of insecticide\u2010laced liquid protein bait spray applications relies on attraction and consumption by the target pest. Commercial liquid baits often recommend a broad range of dilution rates, even though many insects adjust their intake of foods based on nutrient concentrations. This compensatory feeding response could influence the amount of toxin ingested, but this impact has not been thoroughly elucidated. We manipulated liquid diet and spinosad concentrations to reveal their effects on consumption and mortality in three lines of melon flies,\n                      <jats:italic>Zeugodacus cucurbitae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , that vary in levels of spinosad resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nutrient concentration had a non\u2010linear effect on consumption, which strongly influenced spinosad\u2010induced mortality. Spinosad\u2010susceptible flies suffered high mortality at the full nutrient concentration range when spinosad concentration was high. Resistant lines consumed less diet overall and hence suffered lower mortality on nutrient concentrations which were excessively dilute (22.5\u201345\u2009g\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and excessively concentrated (720\u2009g\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Similarly, the recommended label dilutions of a widely used commercial bait produced low levels of consumption.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrated that a high concentration of toxicant is effective for controlling a susceptible insect population regardless of consumption rate but maximizing consumption may be critical for managing insecticide\u2010resistant populations. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T07:41:09Z","timestamp":1768203669000},"page":"4137-4145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutrient and spinosad concentrations influence liquid bait consumption and mortality in spinosad\u2010resistant melon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4857-1294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikkei","family":"Shikano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa  Honolulu HI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"April N.","family":"Grummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa  Honolulu HI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles J.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Daniel K. Inouye Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Tropical Pest Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, USDA\u2010ARS  Hilo HI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dara G.","family":"Stockton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA\u2010APHIS PPQ S&amp;T, Insect Management and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory  Edinburg TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"The mechanisms of nutritional compensation by phytophagous insects","volume":"2","author":"Simpson SJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insect\u2010Plant 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