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Root rot in\n                      <jats:italic>Astragalus<\/jats:italic>\n                      caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a destructive soil\u2010borne disease. Biocontrol agents are currently regarded as an ecofriendly strategies for controlling root rot; however, the inherent complexity of natural environments often prevents beneficial bacteria from establishing long\u2010term residence in the plant rhizosphere. Therefore, more effective methods against pathogenic fungi are urgently needed to safeguard both the yield and quality of\n                      <jats:italic>Astragalus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and harnessing microorganism\u2010derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a promising strategy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We isolated the bacterium\n                      <jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                      strain B45 from the\n                      <jats:italic>Astragalus<\/jats:italic>\n                      rhizosphere that exhibited effective control of root rot. The ability of strain B45 to produce antibiotics and VOCs was determined to elucidate the possible mechanisms by which B45 inhibits pathogenic fungi. The results showed that the VOCs emitted by B45 significantly inhibited both mycelial growth and conidial germination in pathogenic fungi. Among the selected VOCs, 2\u2010undecanone demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity and caused severe structural damage to fungal cell walls. Pot experiments confirmed that 2\u2010undecanone fumigation markedly alleviated root rot symptoms in\n                      <jats:italic>Astragalus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Furthermore, 2\u2010undecanone exhibited broad\u2010spectrum antimicrobial activity with a significantly strong inhibitory effect on both fungi and bacteria. This selective pressure led to substantial shifts in the rhizosphere microbiome composition of\n                      <jats:italic>Astragalus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Notably, fumigation with low concentrations of 2\u2010undecanone increased the complexity of bacterial co\u2010occurrence networks and enriched beneficial genera, including\n                      <jats:italic>Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Bradyrhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Sphingomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Lysobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicate that low concentrations of 2\u2010undecanone did not compromise the disease\u2010suppressive capacity of the rhizosphere microbial community, and support the potential application of microbial VOCs as ecofriendly strategies for managing soil\u2010borne diseases in agriculture. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T05:50:45Z","timestamp":1768629045000},"page":"4372-4383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Low\u2010dose undecanone from\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    suppresses\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Astragalus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    root rot and shapes the rhizosphere bacterial microbiome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Liru","family":"Jian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production, College of Life Sciences Northwest A&amp;F University 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