{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T05:45:46Z","timestamp":1776059146486,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22107042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22107042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gray mold, caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                      , is a widespread plant disease characterized by a broad host range and being difficult to control, leading to substantial economic losses. The extensive use of conventional chemical fungicides has raised environmental concerns and induced resistance in\n                      <jats:italic>B. cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                      , highlighting the urgent need for eco\u2010friendly, low\u2010toxicity alternatives.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study evaluated the antifungal activity of xanthohumol, a secondary metabolite derived from hops, against\n                      <jats:italic>B. cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                      and investigated its mechanism of action. The results showed that xanthohumol exhibited inhibitory effects against multiple plant pathogenic fungi. It significantly suppressed both mycelial growth and spore germination of\n                      <jats:italic>B. cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      values of 17.37 and 49.68\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, respectively. Furthermore, xanthohumol exhibited significant efficacy in controlling gray mold on tomato fruits and leaves. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that xanthohumol induced shrinkage, wrinkling, and collapse of hyphae. Physiological and biochemical analyses indicated that it disrupted fungal cell membrane integrity and permeability, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and disturbed intracellular redox homeostasis. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, combined with molecular docking simulations, suggest that the antifungal activity of xanthohumol may primarily stem from the impairment of fungal pathogenicity and disruption of cellular structural integrity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As a natural product, xanthohumol shows strong potential for development as a botanical fungicide and represents a promising candidate for the eco\u2010friendly control of gray mold. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T06:17:02Z","timestamp":1768889822000},"page":"4440-4457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antifungal\n                    <scp>activity<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>mechanism<\/scp>\n                    of Xanthohumol\n                    <scp>against tomato gray<\/scp>\n                    Mold"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8673-8118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University  Lanzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University  Lanzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University  Lanzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University  Lanzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1275-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaoyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University  Lanzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University  Lanzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fqsafe\/fyy016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2007.00417.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Sterol regulatory element\u2010binding protein Sre1 mediates the development and pathogenicity of the Grey Mould fungus Botrytis cinerea","volume":"26","author":"Yuan Y","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2025.113710"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-04-23-0743-RE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-07-13-0753-RE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-10-13-1020-PDN"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-02-18-0244-RE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-07-20-1621-RE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.962619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03601234.2019.1633213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","article-title":"NPBS database: a chemical data resource with relational data between natural products and biological sources","volume":"2020","author":"Xu TJ","year":"2020","journal-title":"Database J Biological Databases Curation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105854"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26164835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","article-title":"Thymol chemotype Origanum vulgare L. essential oil as a potential selective bio\u2010based herbicide on monocot plant species","volume":"25","author":"Grul'ov\u00e1 D","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.07.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4001\/003.023.0104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40538-023-00511-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fes3.367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","article-title":"Xanthohumol properties and strategies for extraction from hops and brewery residues: a review","volume":"404","author":"Silva GVD","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910853"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.8b00345"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063398"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Xanthohumol, a novel anti\u2010HIV\u20101 agent purified from hops Humulus lupulus","volume":"64","author":"Wang Q","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.70001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21050608"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252211938"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13121559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100831"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01637-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20010754"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17448069231204051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2016.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.33045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23082059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2018.05.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2021.104711"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12788"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.116467"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c07799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-323"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2024.113559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-12-24-0397-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2025.102599"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA04884A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agrochemicals4030011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2021.104884"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.8515"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Biological control effect of antagonistic bacteria on potato black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani","volume":"14","author":"Lan QQ","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agronomy\u2010Basel"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01755-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1106399108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02372-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi961996m"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01146-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","article-title":"Measuring cell death by propidium iodide uptake and flow cytometry","volume":"2016","author":"Crowley LC","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Protoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"UHPLC\u2010HRMS\u2010based untargeted Lipidomics reveal mechanism of antifungal activity of carvacrol against aspergillus flavus","volume":"11","author":"Qu CL","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21060770"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1998.tb00358.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"A review on mechanisms and prospects of endophytic bacteria in biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi and their plant growth\u2010promoting activities","volume":"10","author":"Ali MA","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2307904121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01157.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.107.105023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2016.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Response of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ATPase activity in bacteria exposed to acetamiprid","volume":"19","author":"Yao XH","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38876-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof3040068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2006.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PinedoC WangCM PradierJM ChoquerM MorgantG ColladoIGet al. Sesquiterpene Synthase from the Botrydial Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of the PhytopathogenBotrytis cinerea.12:791\u2013801(2008).","DOI":"10.1021\/cb800225v"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-18-0602"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2010.00692.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00007-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42483-023-00219-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00054-14"}],"container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.70560","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ps.70560","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.70560","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T04:57:06Z","timestamp":1776056226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ps.70560"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ps.70560"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.70560","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-498X","1526-4998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}