{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T05:46:01Z","timestamp":1776059161864,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Many beetles require tyrosine supplementation from endosymbiotic bacteria for exoskeleton synthesis. Weevils harbor the ancient endosymbiont\n                      <jats:italic>Nardonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      within specialized bacteriocytes, a mutualistic association maintained for &gt;125\u2009million years in which the bacterium exclusively preserves tyrosine biosynthetic capability. The red palm weevil, one of the world's most destructive invasive pests causing widespread devastation to palm industries across continents, depends on its\n                      <jats:italic>Nardonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      endosymbiont for survival. Disrupting this obligate symbiosis represents a promising pest control strategy, yet the molecular mechanisms maintaining host\u2013symbiont homeostasis remain poorly understood. Although antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been implicated in symbiont regulation in some insects, their functions in this ancient weevil\u2013\n                      <jats:italic>Nardonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      association remain unknown.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified two novel bacteriocyte\u2010specific AMPs, RfAMP1 and RfAMP2. Unlike canonical immune AMPs, RfAMPs exhibited expression patterns that paralleled endosymbiont dynamics and responded specifically to symbiont presence rather than pathogenic infections. Both peptides localized to\n                      <jats:italic>Nardonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      membranes and cytoplasm. RNAi\u2010mediated knockdown of either\n                      <jats:italic>RfAMP1<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>RfAMP2<\/jats:italic>\n                      resulted in endosymbiont escape into midgut tissues and increased endosymbiont abundance within bacteriocytes. At subinhibitory concentrations, RfAMPs significantly increased bacterial membrane permeability. Loss of RfAMP function through RNAi disrupted symbiotic homeostasis, impaired tyrosine biosynthesis and severely compromised larval survival.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RfAMPs regulate endosymbiont homeostasis and spatial confinement, essential for tyrosine provisioning and host fitness. These findings reveal molecular mechanisms underlying the ancient weevil\u2013\n                      <jats:italic>Nardonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutualism and highlight potential targets for red palm weevil management through symbiosis disruption. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T06:38:06Z","timestamp":1769755086000},"page":"4941-4954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bacteriocyte\u2010specific antimicrobial peptides regulate the\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus<\/i>\n                      \u2013\n                      <i>Nardonella<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    symbiosis and represent novel targets for symbiosis\u2010based pest control"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3390-6240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross\u2010Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross\u2010Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Facheng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, Ministerial 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