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Increasing the molecular three\u2010dimensionality and the fraction of\n                      <jats:italic>sp<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2010hybridized carbon atoms (C\n                      <jats:italic>sp<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      ) in lead compounds enhances drug\u2010like behavior. In particular, the norbornene scaffold\u2014an archetypal bridged bicyclic framework\u2014offers significant potential for pesticide optimization by enhancing bioactivity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We designed and synthesized 54 novel stereoisomeric derivatives containing norbornene and evaluated their antifungal activity. The bioassay results showed that most of the target compounds possessed great\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      antifungal activity against a wide range of plant pathogenic fungi. For example, half\u2010maximal effective concentration (EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      )\u2009=\u20090.31\u2009mg\/L of compound\n                      <jats:bold>Y15<\/jats:bold>\n                      against\n                      <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                      was comparable with that of the commercially available drug dimethachlon (EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.37\u2009mg\/L), and 150.8\u2010fold higher than norbornene (EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200946.74\u2009mg\/L). In addition\n                      <jats:bold>Y15<\/jats:bold>\n                      showed great aquatic biosafety, with an acute toxicity half\u2010maximal lethal concentration (LC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      )\u2009&gt;\u200980.0\u2009mg\/L to zebrafish 48\u2009h (superior to dimethachlon (LC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200911.90\u2009mg\/L)). RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments showed that compound\n                      <jats:bold>Y15<\/jats:bold>\n                      affected a large number of differentially expressed genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, oxidoreductase activity and membrane composition, and had a relatively large number of genes involved in microbial metabolic activity and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reported a series of novel dicarboximide fungicides containing a bridging ring structure that provided a new basis for the molecular design and mechanistic study of stereoisomeric fungicides. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T09:44:04Z","timestamp":1771407844000},"page":"5430-5441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Inspired by norbornylene: design, synthesis, antifungal activity, and mechanism of action of novel stereoisomeric dicarboximide fungicides"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University  Hefei China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application Anhui Agricultural University  Hefei China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agro\u2010Products Quality and Biosafety (Ministry of Education) Anhui Agricultural University  Hefei 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