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To address this challenge, a series of cinnamic acid\u2013butenedioic lactone derivatives were designed and synthesised based on an active\u2010subsystem assembly strategy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All compounds were structurally characterised by\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      H NMR,\n                      <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                      C NMR and high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and their insecticidal and antifungal activities were systematically evaluated. Several derivatives exhibited strong aphicidal activity against\n                      <jats:italic>Aphis craccivora<\/jats:italic>\n                      , while multiple compounds showed notable inhibitory effects against\n                      <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Among them, compound\n                      <jats:bold>III18<\/jats:bold>\n                      (2\u2010CH\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) displayed dual biological activity, achieving an aphicidal rate of 90.69\u2009\u00b1\u20098.07% at 200\u2009mg\/L and an half\u2010maximal effective concentration of 1.202\u2009mg\/L against\n                      <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Molecular docking analysis indicated that\n                      <jats:bold>III18<\/jats:bold>\n                      could form stable interactions with fungal polygalacturonase and insect carboxylesterase, suggesting potential mechanisms underlying its bioactivity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cinnamic acid\u2013butenedioic lactone derivatives constitute a promising class of dual\u2010function crop protection agents. The strong biological activities and predicted target interactions of\n                      <jats:bold>III18<\/jats:bold>\n                      provide valuable insights for the development of environmentally friendly, multi\u2010target insecticides and fungicides. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T13:56:07Z","timestamp":1772978167000},"page":"5488-5496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cinnamic acid\u2013butenedioic lactone derivatives as crop protection agents: synthesis, bioactivity, and molecular docking studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Rouxi","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Zhejiang A&amp;F University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Green and Low\u2010Carbon Utilization Technology of Agricultural and Forestry Biomass Zhejiang A&amp;F University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liutao","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry and Biotechnology Zhejiang A&amp;F University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Zhejiang A&amp;F University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Green and Low\u2010Carbon Utilization Technology of Agricultural and Forestry Biomass Zhejiang A&amp;F University  Hangzhou People's Republic of 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