{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:48:41Z","timestamp":1792082921810,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000839","name":"University of Reading","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The house mouse (<jats:italic>Mus musculus<\/jats:italic>) is a globally distributed rodent pest species against which anticoagulant rodenticides are widely used for the protection of human and animal health and the conservation of threatened wildlife. Anticoagulant\u2010resistant house mice have been known for more than half a century. A house mouse strain was developed in the laboratory that was homozygous resistant for the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Tyrosine139Cysteine (Y139C) and, subsequently, heterozygous resistant animals were produced from this strain by crossing with the homozygous susceptible strain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using blood clotting response tests, resistance factors at the ED<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> level in the homozygous resistant strain for the first\u2010generation anticoagulants warfarin, chlorophacinone, diphacinone and coumatetralyl were in the range 31.5 to 628.0 for males (M) and 21.6 to 628.0 for females (F), thus indicating that Y139C house mice are substantially resistant to all these substances. Resistance factors at the ED<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> level for the homozygous strain generated against the second\u2010generation compounds were: brodifacoum (M, 1.7; F, 1.9), bromadiolone (M, 16.6; F, 21.0), difenacoum (M, 1.2; F, 2.7), difethialone (M, 1.5; F, 1.5), and flocoumafen (M, 0.9; F, 1.2). Equivalent values for the heterozygous strain were: brodifacoum (M, 1.6; F, 1.4), bromadiolone (M, 5.6; F, 6.5), difenacoum (M, 1.0; F, 1.3), difethialone (M, 1.1; F, 1.1), flocoumafen (M, 0.9; F, 1.1).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Y139C SNP homozygous resistant mice are more resistant to anticoagulants than heterozygous resistant animals. All first\u2010generation anticoagulants are highly resisted and, among the second\u2010generation compounds, Y139C mice are resistant to bromadiolone and sometimes to difenacoum. \u00a9 2022 The Authors. <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T23:33:35Z","timestamp":1659137615000},"page":"4480-4487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Anticoagulant rodenticide blood\u2010clotting dose\u2010responses and resistance factors for <scp>Tyrosine139Cysteine<\/scp> (<scp>Y139C<\/scp>) heterozygous\u2010 and homozygous\u2010resistant house mice (<i>Mus musculus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7514-1826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mhairi Alyson","family":"Baxter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building The University of Reading  Reading UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5449-9279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan Peter","family":"Buckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building The University of Reading  Reading UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1164-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Endepols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer AG CropScience Research and Development Public Health  Monheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2053-8292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin Vittorio","family":"Prescott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building The University of Reading  Reading UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845938178.0019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845938178.0081"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845938178.0123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64377-9_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"AEPMA AEPMA's Industry Code of Best Practice for Rodent Management. 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