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A significant proportion of agricultural pests belong to lepidopteran species, making it valuable to explore the conserved genes involved in spermatogenesis within the lepidopteran model,\n                      <jats:italic>Bombyx mori<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Identifying these genes could reveal potential targets for pest control and enhance insect sterility technologies. Although the ovarian tumor (\n                      <jats:italic>otu<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) gene is essential for oogenesis in\n                      <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                      , its role in\n                      <jats:italic>Lepidoptera<\/jats:italic>\n                      remains largely unexplored.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we demonstrated that the\n                      <jats:italic>Bmotu<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene plays an essential role in the development of genital glands in silkworms. A CRISPR\/Cas9\u2010mediated loss\u2010of\u2010function mutation in\n                      <jats:italic>Bmotu<\/jats:italic>\n                      resulted in a 13.7% reduction in egg production. Notably,\n                      <jats:italic>Bmotu<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010deficient males exhibited complete sterility without any detectable alterations in copulatory behavior. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed abnormal sperm bundle morphology, suggesting impaired spermatogenesis in\n                      <jats:italic>Bmotu<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant males. Transcriptome analysis identified 869 differentially expressed genes between\n                      <jats:italic>Bmotu<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant and control testes. KEGG enrichment highlighted pathways related to oxidative phosphorylation, steroid biosynthesis, and signal transduction, implying possible roles for\n                      <jats:italic>Bmotu<\/jats:italic>\n                      in regulating sperm development via metabolic and signaling processes. Phylogenetic and selection pressure analyses revealed that\n                      <jats:italic>otu<\/jats:italic>\n                      is highly conserved across lepidopteran species and has undergone purifying selection, underscoring its evolutionary importance in reproductive regulation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings uncover a previously uncharacterized role of\n                      <jats:italic>otu<\/jats:italic>\n                      in regulating spermatogenesis and male fertility in insects. As the\n                      <jats:italic>otu<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene is highly conserved in lepidopterans, it might be a potential molecular target for genetics\u2010based pest management. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T04:18:16Z","timestamp":1771820296000},"page":"5721-5733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Uncovering a novel role of\n                    <i>otu<\/i>\n                    in lepidopteran\n                    <i>Bombyx mori<\/i>\n                    male fertility"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic 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Rural Affairs Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junzhuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2649-899X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and 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