{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:43:24Z","timestamp":1792629804831,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The escalating challenge of herbicide\u2010resistant weeds, exemplified by\n                      <jats:italic>Euphorbia heterophylla<\/jats:italic>\n                      L. (wild poinsettia), threatens agricultural sustainability in Brazil. Overreliance on synthetic herbicides has led to environmental degradation and increased production costs, necessitating eco\u2010friendly alternatives.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study explores the phytotoxic potential of aqueous extracts (decoction and infusion) from\n                      <jats:italic>Ilex paraguariensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      A.St.\u2010Hil. (yerba mate) as a bioherbicide against\n                      <jats:italic>E. heterophylla<\/jats:italic>\n                      . High\u2010performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified nine major compounds in aqueous extracts (decoction and infusion), with caffeine and neochlorogenic acid being the most abundant.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      assays demonstrated that both decoction and infusion extracts at concentrations 4% and 6% completely inhibited seed germination and seedling formation of\n                      <jats:italic>E. heterophylla<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with lower concentrations (2%) significantly reducing germination speed and increasing mean germination time. Glasshouse experiments revealed mild to moderate leaf damage (scales 2\u20133) from 4% extracts, without affecting height or true leaf emergence. Field trials indicated temporal stability in development, with extracts promoting slight biomass increases (root\/shoot ratio) and modulating antioxidants and pigments (chlorophyll A, cholorphyll B, carotenoids), showing positive correlations with growth traits and less severity than glyphosate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Aqueous extracts of\n                      <jats:italic>I. paraguariensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibit strong allelopathic potential against\n                      <jats:italic>E. heterophylla<\/jats:italic>\n                      , particularly during germination, offering a biodegradable bioherbicide option for integrated pest management. While less toxic to mature plants, their selectivity and scalability warrant further field optimization to enhance sustainable agriculture, reducing environmental impacts and herbicide resistance. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T16:46:20Z","timestamp":1772988380000},"page":"6196-6206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toxicity of aqueous extracts of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Ilex paraguariensis<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    A.St.\u2010Hil. about\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Euphorbia heterophylla<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    L."],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1212-836X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara Alberton","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Curso de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas Universidade do Vale do Taquari \u2013 Univates  Lajeado Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bot\u00e2nica Universidade do Vale do Taquari \u2013 Univates  Lajeado Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0076-4620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikram","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bot\u00e2nica Universidade do Vale do Taquari \u2013 Univates  Lajeado Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7204-0604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Caroline","family":"Giacomin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bot\u00e2nica Universidade do Vale do Taquari \u2013 Univates  Lajeado Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7394-0894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9ssica Adriane","family":"Barth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bot\u00e2nica Universidade do Vale do Taquari \u2013 Univates  Lajeado Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4980-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Chiapperin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bot\u00e2nica Universidade do Vale do Taquari \u2013 Univates  Lajeado Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1371-908X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabieli Zanotelli","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bot\u00e2nica Universidade do Vale do Taquari \u2013 Univates  Lajeado Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8808-4095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Tha\u00eds","family":"Scheibler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bot\u00e2nica Universidade do Vale do Taquari \u2013 Univates  Lajeado Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6858-6202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Bruxel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bot\u00e2nica Universidade do Vale do Taquari \u2013 Univates  Lajeado Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9292-1557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisete Maria","family":"de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bot\u00e2nica Universidade do Vale do Taquari \u2013 Univates  Lajeado Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-83582004000100001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-83582006000300020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","article-title":"Impacts of weed resistance to glyphosate on herbicide commercialization in Brazil","volume":"14","author":"Proc\u00f3pio S d O","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agri"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2025.1442801"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su17062583"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13061595"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26651\/allelo.j\/2024-62-2-1433"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"Yerba Mate: The Drink That Shaped a Nation","author":"Sarreal JJS","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-024-04014-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14620316.2024.2396006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2021.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-70542016000100011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJAR2016.11400"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11172242"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Embrapa Plantas daninhas amea\u00e7am at\u00e9 70% da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de milho no Brasil(2025).https:\/\/globalcropprotection.com\/noticias\/uso-e-aplicacao\/plantas-daninhas-ameacam-ate-70-da-producao-de-milho-no-brasil\/?referrer=grok.com[accessed 1 Janu ary 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture10100449"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"Euphorbia heterophylla: um novo caso de resist\u00eancia ao glifosato no Brasil","author":"Adegas FS","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Glyphosate\u2010resistant (GR) soybean and corn in Brazil: past, present, and future","volume":"40","author":"Adegas FS","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Weed Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2015.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10343-025-01217-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13122880"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bacterial allelopathy: an approach for biological control of weeds","volume":"135","author":"Dar A","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-024-01440-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12298-023-01305-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-1104201811714"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1962.0011183X000200020033x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-1617(11)81192-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.59.2.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9557081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/285340"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-1963(03)00028-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-40422002000400014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Alelopatia: uma \u00e1rea emergente da ecofisiologia","volume":"12","author":"Ferreira AG","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev Bras Fisiol Veg"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4025\/actasciagron.v37i2.19079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16351"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2013.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-14158-4.00029-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114401"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","volume-title":"Fitoprotetores bot\u00e2nicos: Uni\u00e3o de saberes e tecnologias para transi\u00e7\u00e3o agroecol\u00f3gica","author":"Lovatto PB","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2033-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1RA09440H"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2010.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajme.2017.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-8472(03)00063-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12094582"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1336639"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12111984"}],"container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.70701","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ps.70701","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.70701","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:12:23Z","timestamp":1792627943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ps.70701"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ps.70701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.70701","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-498X","1526-4998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}