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These critical limitations highlight the imperative to develop new antiviral agents with innovative chemical scaffolds and multimodal mechanisms of action.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, 31 novel cinnamic acid derivatives were synthesized and their inhibitory activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in tobacco hosts were evaluated. Compound\n                      <jats:bold>B<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:bold>7<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      , which features a\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010bromophenyl group connected via a piperidine linker and a sulfonamide pharmacophore, demonstrated the most potent antiviral efficacy, with half maximal effective concentration (EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) values of 224.75\u2009mg\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      (protective) and 332.59\u2009mg\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      (curative), outperforming the positive control ningnanmycin (245.67 and 340.52\u2009mg\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , respectively). Mechanistic investigations revealed that\n                      <jats:bold>B<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:bold>7<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      significantly reduced viral accumulation in chloroplast\u2010associated regions, thereby enhancing plant vitality and promoting chloroplast\u2010mediated immune regulation. Meanwhile,\n                      <jats:bold>B<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:bold>7<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      can also increase the salicylic acid content in plants. These effects ultimately lead to activated plant resistance. Furthermore,\n                      <jats:bold>B<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:bold>7<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      also exhibited strong binding affinity (\n                      <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.19\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) to TMV coat protein (TMV\u2010CP), directly disrupting viral structural integrity and inhibiting replication.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study identifies\n                      <jats:bold>B<\/jats:bold>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:bold>7<\/jats:bold>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      as the optimal antiviral agent with superior efficacy and biosafety, defines critical structure\u2013activity relationship principles governing cinnamic acid\u2010based antiviral agent design, and mechanistically validates its dual\u2010action mechanisms involving chloroplast\u2010potentiated systemic immunity and direct TMV\u2010CP interactions. It provides an important reference for the development of efficient and multitarget antiviral agents. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:12:44Z","timestamp":1773004364000},"page":"6173-6187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel cinnamic acid derivatives enable the induction of chloroplast\u2010associated immunity and interaction with viral coat proteins for plant viral disease control"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Rong\u2010Shuang","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education Center for R&amp;D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University  Guiyang 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