{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T08:09:12Z","timestamp":1783843752998,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Global agricultural sustainability faces considerable challenges owing to abiotic and biotic stresses, currently developing functional nanomaterials is an important way to alleviate the above stresses. Herein, ferrosoferric oxide (Fe\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) nanoparticles are modified with L\u2010arginine (Arg) and grafted with cinnamaldehyde (Cin) to prepare smart Fe\u2013Arg\u2013Cin nanoparticles (NPs) for alleviating drought and disease stresses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The structure and properties of Fe\u2013Arg\u2013Cin were characterized. Results revealed that the nanoparticles exhibit a uniform size distribution with 6.8% Cin loading. Fe\u2013Arg\u2013Cin NPs can effectively mitigate the inhibitory effects of drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth for rice and wheat. In addition, the\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      antifungal assays demonstrated that Fe\u2013Arg\u2013Cin NPs has potent antifungal activity against rice sheath blight (\n                      <jats:italic>Rhizoctonia solani<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and wheat sharp eyespot (\n                      <jats:italic>Rhizoctonia cerealis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Moreover, biosafety evaluation showed that compared with Cin treatment, Fe\u2013Arg\u2013Cin NPs treatment remarkably reduces toxicity to zebrafish, human liver cells and soil microbial communities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Fe\u2013Arg\u2013Cin NPs could not only improve the resistance of rice and wheat to drought stress and enhance the control effect against agricultural pathogens, but also ensures safety for non\u2010target organisms. This platform provides a promising strategy for improving crop resistance under drought and disease conditions. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T03:55:05Z","timestamp":1776398105000},"page":"7388-7403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functionalized\n                    <scp>\n                      Fe\n                      <sub>3<\/sub>\n                      O\n                      <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    nanoparticles for mitigating drought and disease in crops and reducing non\u2010target biotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Ziyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Yangzhou University  Yangzhou 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