{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T08:08:14Z","timestamp":1783843694131,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n The rapid evolution and spread of herbicide resistance poses a great challenge to the sustainability of modern agriculture and finding new herbicides based on novel modes of action (MOA) has become an urgent need. The enzyme 1\u2010deoxy\u2010\n d<\/jats:sc>\n \u2010xylulose\u20105\u2010phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) in the 2\u2010\n C<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010methyl\u2010\n d<\/jats:sc>\n \u2010erythritol 4\u2010phosphate (MEP) pathway is considered an ideal novel target for developing new herbicides and therefore its natural inhibitor fosmidomycin (FOS) is an excellent starting point from which to design new herbicidal candidates.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n This work presents the design and synthesis of a series of\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010substituted FOS analogs\n 10a<\/jats:bold>\n \u2013\n m<\/jats:bold>\n and\n 11a<\/jats:bold>\n \u2013\n m<\/jats:bold>\n and a prodrug\n 15i<\/jats:bold>\n , the diethyl ester of\n 11i<\/jats:bold>\n , for evaluating their herbicidal activity. Most compounds exhibited high inhibition activity toward the DXR enzyme in the MEP pathway, and\n 11i<\/jats:bold>\n and\n 11l<\/jats:bold>\n were among the most active, with half\u2010maximal inhibitory concentrations of 0.24 and 0.27\u2009\u03bc\n m<\/jats:sc>\n , respectively. In pre\u2010 and post\u2010emergence tests on model plants, ten compounds had higher activities than FOS, and\n 15i<\/jats:bold>\n achieved more than tenfold pre\u2010emergence and twofold post\u2010emergence activity against the test weeds. The MEP pathway rescue of\n Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n inhibited by\n 11i<\/jats:bold>\n as a representative had a higher rescue rate than that by FOS, while molecular docking revealed binding enhancement in the DXR active site due to\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010substitution, suggesting that\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010substituted FOS analogs may be herbicidally active by targeting DXR, like the MOA of FOS.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n The combination of\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010substitution with prodrug derivation to modify the lead structure FOS is an effective strategy for developing herbicide\u2010active FOS analogs. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T04:17:38Z","timestamp":1777004258000},"page":"7620-7632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u03b2<\/i>\n \u2010Substitution and prodrug derivation leading to identification of fosmidomycin analogs with improved herbicidal activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Zili","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liru","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 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