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Corn rootworm,\n                      <jats:italic>Diabrotica spp.<\/jats:italic>\n                      , are among the most serious insect pests of corn in the United States. However, information about how corn rootworm interact with short\u2010stature corn is currently lacking. To protect crops from rootworm injury, transgenic corn that produces insecticidal toxins derived from\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Bt) is frequently grown. An important component of insect resistance management for Bt corn is blended refuges, where non\u2010Bt and Bt plants are planted alongside each other. We conducted a 2\u2010year field study to quantify patterns of corn rootworm survival, emergence, and injury to short\u2010stature corn and tall corn across three treatments: pure stand of Bt corn, pure stand of non\u2010Bt corn, and a blended refuge.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Corn rootworm survival was reduced in Bt corn and in blended refuges, compared to non\u2010Bt corn. Some differences in survival and timing of emergence were detected between short\u2010stature corn and tall corn. However, these were not consistent across years or treatments and typically differed between male and female rootworm. Root injury did not differ between tall corn and short\u2010stature corn across any treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Corn rootworm survival, timing of emergence, and injury to corn were generally similar between short\u2010stature corn and tall corn. This suggests that current insect resistance management strategies for corn rootworm in tall corn are likely appropriate for short\u2010stature corn, although additional studies are warranted. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T04:30:17Z","timestamp":1776745817000},"page":"7645-7654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) emergence patterns, survival, and injury in blended refuges and pure stands of short\u2010stature corn and tall 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