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This approach involves the direct spraying of exogenous double\u2010stranded RNA (dsRNA) to silence specific target genes in pests. However, its practical efficacy is constrained by the environmental degradation of the dsRNA, rapid degradation by gut nucleases, inefficient cellular internalization and limited endosomal escape. The integration of nanotechnology with RNAi has emerged as a promising frontier in sustainable pest control, offering improved dsRNA stability, enhanced cellular delivery, and the potential to reduce conventional pesticide use. In this study, we explored the use of a positively charged covalent organic framework (COF)\u2010based nanocarrier functionalized with polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for dsRNA delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The resulting COF\u2010PEI\u2010PEG@dsRNA complexes effectively resisted degradation by nuclease\u2010rich midgut extracts. Moreover, COF\u2010PEI\u2010PEG facilitated efficient dsRNA delivery into\n                      <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      S2 and Lepidopteran Sf9 cells, resulting in significant improvement in target gene knockdown.\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , COF\u2010PEI\u2010PEG@dsRNA significantly enhanced RNAi efficacy in\n                      <jats:italic>Leptinotarsa decemlineata<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Drosophila suzukii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , although no improvement was observed in\n                      <jats:italic>Spodoptera exigua<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collectively, our findings highlight the potential of COF\u2010PEI\u2010PEG as effective dsRNA delivery platforms, offering a novel and versatile tool to enhance RNAi\u2010based insect management and fundamental entomological research. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T10:29:46Z","timestamp":1776767386000},"page":"7667-7678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>COF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>PEI<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>PEG<\/scp>\n                    nanocarriers enhance\n                    <scp>dsRNA<\/scp>\n                    delivery to improve\n                    <scp>RNAi<\/scp>\n                    \u2010based insect pest 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