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Olfaction is crucial for prey location and searching, yet the molecular mechanisms of chemoreception in this species remain largely unknown.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antennal transcriptome analysis identified a repertoire of 24 odorant receptors (ORs), of which\n                      <jats:italic>CsepOR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited the highest expression level in the antennae. Quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis confirmed that\n                      <jats:italic>CsepOR1<\/jats:italic>\n                      is predominantly expressed in female antennae. Heterologous expression of CsepOR1 in\n                      <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      T1 neurons, combined with single sensillum recordings, revealed narrow tuning to butyl salicylate among 362 tested odorants. Y\u2010tube olfactometer assays demonstrated that butyl salicylate acts as a strong attractant for female\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>septempunctata<\/jats:italic>\n                      at low doses (10\u2009\u03bcg) but becomes repellent at higher doses (100\u2009\u03bcg). Predation assays further showed that 10\u2009\u03bcg of butyl salicylate significantly enhances predation efficiency in female ladybirds, whereas higher doses inhibit it.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results represent the first deorphanization of a key odorant receptor in\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>septempunctata<\/jats:italic>\n                      and identify butyl salicylate as a dose\u2010dependent behavioral modulator with strong potential for applications in conservation biological control. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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