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Bioactivity assays revealed significant fumigant and repellent efficacy of the target compounds. At 150\u2009\u03bcL\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , compounds\n                      <jats:bold>3h<\/jats:bold>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:bold>3i<\/jats:bold>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:bold>3j<\/jats:bold>\n                      achieved 100% fumigant mortality against\n                      <jats:italic>Tribolium castaneum<\/jats:italic>\n                      adults, comparable to ethyl formate. At 26.54\u2009\u03bcg\u2009cm\n                      <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                      , compounds\n                      <jats:bold>3h<\/jats:bold>\n                      and\n                      <jats:bold>5a<\/jats:bold>\n                      exhibited a repellency rate of 100%, outperforming\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010diethyl\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010toluamide (DEET, 92.0%). Structure\u2013activity relationship (SAR) analysis highlighted the critical role of\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010methyl substitution in carboxylic esters and matched stereochemistry (\n                      <jats:italic>S\/S<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>R\/R<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) in enhancing activity. Preliminary mechanistic studies demonstrated that compound\n                      <jats:bold>3h<\/jats:bold>\n                      significantly inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and ATPase. Molecular docking further revealed that compound\n                      <jats:bold>3h<\/jats:bold>\n                      binds to the AChE active site via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study successfully identified a class of dual\u2010functional carvone derivatives with robust fumigant and repellent properties, and preliminary mechanistic insights were established. These findings provide valuable lead compounds and a theoretical foundation for the development of next\u2010generation fumigants and repellents. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T04:31:33Z","timestamp":1777005093000},"page":"8004-8018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design, synthesis, and potential mechanism of novel carvone derivatives with dual fumigant and repellent activities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6291-5742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling 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