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Unlike conventional bactericides that exert selective pressure leading to resistance evolution, anti\u2010virulence agents offer a promising strategy to control bacterial diseases without promoting resistance, having significant potential in the creation of new bactericides.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, hydroxybenzaldehyde was used as the starting material to synthesize a series of 39 novel acylhydrazone derivatives containing flexible isopropanolamine moieties. Among these, compound\n                      <jats:bold>C19<\/jats:bold>\n                      exhibited excellent\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      activity against the rice bacterial blight pathogens\n                      <jats:italic>Xanthomonas oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      pv.\n                      <jats:italic>oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>Xoo<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and\n                      <jats:italic>Xanthomonas axonopodis<\/jats:italic>\n                      pv.\n                      <jats:italic>citri<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>Xac<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), with\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      (Half maximal effective concentration) values of 1.66\u2009\u03bcg\/mL and 1.19\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, respectively\u2014significantly outperforming commercial bactericides bismerthiazol (BT EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200945.74\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for\n                      <jats:italic>Xoo<\/jats:italic>\n                      ; 51.23\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for\n                      <jats:italic>Xac<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and thiodiazole\u2010copper (TC EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009108.10\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for\n                      <jats:italic>Xoo<\/jats:italic>\n                      ; 81.54\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for\n                      <jats:italic>Xac<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). At a concentration of 200\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, compound\n                      <jats:bold>C19<\/jats:bold>\n                      showed protective and curative efficacies of 47.3% and 46.2%, respectively, both of which were superior to those of the commercial bactericides BT (44.3% and 44.5%) and TC (43.8% and 42.5%). Mechanistically, compound\n                      <jats:bold>C19<\/jats:bold>\n                      effectively inhibited\n                      <jats:italic>Xoo<\/jats:italic>\n                      biofilm formation, bacterial motility and extracellular enzyme secretion, thereby reducing pathogen virulence and thus suppressing the bacterial infection process.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study successfully designed and synthesized a series of novel isopropanolamine\u2010modified acylhydrazone derivatives as potent anti\u2010virulence agents. Compound\n                      <jats:bold>C19<\/jats:bold>\n                      , with its excellent antibacterial activity, favorable safety profile and unique anti\u2010virulence performance, represents a promising lead compound for the development of novel environmentally friendly bactericides to combat bacterial resistance. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T03:38:22Z","timestamp":1779766702000},"page":"9185-9200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification of acylhydrazone derivatives with isopropanolamine moiety as potent anti\u2010virulence agents for combating bacterial infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Zhi\u2010Jun","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&amp;D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University  Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai\u2010Hong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&amp;D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University  Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Rui","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&amp;D of Fine 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