{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:14:23Z","timestamp":1789172063764,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010203","name":"Agriculture Research System of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002365","name":"China Agricultural University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002365","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High\u2010density spindle and V\u2010trellis pear orchards face critical bottlenecks including complex canopies, poor sprayer adaptability, insufficient droplet penetration, uneven deposition, and low pesticide utilization. To overcome these issues, this study established a systematic framework including structure adaptation, parameter optimization, mechanism analysis, performance validation, and multi\u2010objective evaluation. A dedicated air\u2010assisted sprayer was developed using modular design, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, intelligent target detection, and high\u2010speed flow\u2010field visualization. The spray characteristics, air\u2010droplet coupling, and operational parameters were optimized and verified in laboratory and field tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The plant\u2010derived adjuvant decreased surface tension to 54.23\u2009mN\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      and contact angle to 49.68\u00b0, improving wetting and deposition significantly. The optimal system (60\u00b0 deflector, 2200\u2009rpm fan, 0.3\u2009MPa pressure) produced stable wind speeds of 4.48\u20136.08\u2009m\u2009s\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      and uniform droplets with a relative span\u2009&lt;\u20091.1. Field deposition reached 3.82\u2009\u03bcL\u2009cm\n                      <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                      (V\u2010trellis) and 2.79\u2009\u03bcL\u2009cm\n                      <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                      (spindle). Control efficacy against major pests improved from 19\u201349.74% (1 day after treatment) to 39.91\u201372.41% (3\u2009days after treatment). The optimized system reduced pesticide dosage by 25% while maintaining equivalent or better efficacy, with stabilized control up to 77.38%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study resolves the poor adaptability of conventional sprayers, reveals the air\u2010droplet coupling transport mechanism, and provides a technical scheme for precision green plant protection in dense pear orchards, supporting the customized upgrading of agricultural spraying equipment. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T02:03:54Z","timestamp":1784340234000},"page":"9954-9973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi\u2010objective pesticide reduction\u2010oriented design optimization, atomization\u2010deposition performance and pests control efficacy of air\u2010assisted sprayers for dense\u2010planting spindle and V\u2010trellis pear orchards"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0662-643X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongyi","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science China Agricultural University  Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, MARA Key Lab of Surveillance and Management 7 for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection China Agricultural 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