{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:13:53Z","timestamp":1789172033119,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Plant\u2010parasitic nematodes (PPN) cause annual crop losses exceeding US$157 billion worldwide, and escalating resistance to conventional nematicides demands novel chemical scaffolds. Although indole derivatives exhibit broad\u2010spectrum bioactivity, the nematicidal potential of multi\u2010halogenated indoles remains underexplored. This study evaluates 50 halogen\u2010substituted indoles for nematicidal activity using\n                      <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                      as a proxy nematode model, with mechanistic investigation through phenotypic,\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      approaches.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty multi\u2010halogenated indoles were screened for nematicidal activity. Particularly, 4,5\u2010dichloroindole (45DCI), 4,6\u2010dibromoindole (46DBI), and 4,6\u2010dichloroindole (46DCI) displayed rapid and potent nematicidal effects in\n                      <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with an LC\n                      <jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub>\n                      value of 6\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      . The best hit compound, 45DCI, reduced locomotion from 13 to 8 thrashes per min at 3\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , egg\u2010hatching rates to 31% at 6\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and larval progression by 85% at 4\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      . 45DCI markedly elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipofuscin accumulation, indicating accelerated aging. Molecular docking analysis predicted strong binding interactions with glutathione\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010transferase\u20105 (GST\u20105), a key enzyme in oxidative stress response in\n                      <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The QSAR analysis indicated that the halogen substitution at the C4, C5, C6, and C7 positions of the indole ring increases nematicidal potency.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Di\u2010halogenated indoles, particularly C4\/C6\u2010substituted derivatives, exhibit potent multi\u2010stage nematicidal activity in the free\u2010living model nematode\n                      <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                      , disrupting locomotion, development, and stress tolerance through ROS induction. While molecular docking indicates a potential mechanism via GST\u20105 inhibition, experimental validation is required to conclusively establish this mode of action. These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting further evaluation of di\u2010halogenated indoles against PPN species. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T03:35:00Z","timestamp":1782704100000},"page":"10381-10393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nematicidal activity of multi\u2010halogenated indoles against\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Vrajesh Devang","family":"Divecha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam University  Gyeongsan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharath 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