{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T08:10:35Z","timestamp":1792138235459,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Plant parasitic nematodes severely impair agricultural and forestry production due to the lack of effective nematicides, causing significant yield losses and economic damage.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n For discovery of new and efficient nematicidal agents, we developed a series of double 1,2,4\u2010oxadiazole derivatives from our previous studies. Bioassays revealed that compounds\n B10<\/jats:bold>\n and\n B12<\/jats:bold>\n displayed 100% mortality against\n Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Aphelenchoides besseyi<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Ditylenchus destructor<\/jats:italic>\n at 50\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n . In particular, compound\n B10<\/jats:bold>\n was the most potent against\n B<\/jats:italic>\n .\u2009\n xylophilus<\/jats:italic>\n , showing a median lethal concentration (LC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n ) of 5.85\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n , which outperformed the lead compound tioxazafen (LC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u2009180.02\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n ) by a clear margin. Preliminary mechanistic investigations indicated that\n B10<\/jats:bold>\n significantly suppressed the feeding and reproductive capacity of\n B.\u2009xylophilus,<\/jats:italic>\n and induced substantial accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, lipofuscin and lipids, accompanied by elevating malondialdehyde levels and suppressed activities of antioxidant\u2010related enzymes, and then triggerred oxidative damage by disrupting redox homeostasis. Transcriptome analysis indicated that\n B10<\/jats:bold>\n strongly affected gene expression, with most the differentially expressed genes mainly associated with the neuroactive ligand\u2013receptor interaction pathway. These results were further supported by quantitative reverse\u2010transcription PCR analysis and acetylcholinesterase activity assays.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n The present work indicated that double 1,2,4\u2010oxadiazole compound\n B10<\/jats:bold>\n is a promising nematicide for managing nematode diseases. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:33:07Z","timestamp":1784766787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Discovery of double 1,2,4\u2010oxadiazole derivatives as promising nematicides"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Ruirui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University Guiyang 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