{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:26:58Z","timestamp":1787030818373,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Echinochloa crus\u2010galli<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a damaging weed in global rice production with rapidly evolving herbicide resistance. This study investigated resistance dynamics to six major herbicides across Zhejiang Province, China (2022\u20132024), to inform region\u2010specific management.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 3\u2010year systematic monitoring covering 356 populations from 27 counties revealed that the annual resistance frequency of quinclorac consistently exceeded 50.00%. Cyhalofop\u2010butyl resistance ranged from 32.18% to 61.18%. Penoxsulam resistance ranged from 24.14% to 50.59%. Resistance to bispyribac\u2010sodium was detected in 25.00% of populations in 2023 and 81.18% in 2024. Resistance to the newly introduced florpyrauxifen\u2010benzyl was detected in 49.41% of populations in its first monitoring year (2024). Metamifop remains largely effective due to low resistance frequency (6.90%\u201316.47%). In 2023, four populations resistant to all tested herbicides were detected, increasing to seven in 2024. Molecular analysis identified acetyl\u2010CoA carboxylase (ACCase) target\u2010site mutations I2041N and C2088R and the acetolactate synthase (ALS) mutation W574L as contributing factors, but the majority of cross\u2010resistant populations lacked known target\u2010site mutations, suggesting that non\u2010target\u2010site metabolic resistance is predominant. Under controlled conditions, propanil maintained complete control against all tested multiple\u2010resistant populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Observed trends in\n                      <jats:italic>E. crus\u2010galli<\/jats:italic>\n                      resistance include the widespread emergence of multiple resistance to ALS and ACCase inhibitors and regional variation linked to cropping intensity. Reported resistance frequencies are conditional estimates from problem fields, not unbiased provincial rates. Non\u2010target\u2010site resistance predominates among cross\u2010resistant populations. Propanil is a promising alternative pending field validation. These findings support developing region\u2010specific resistance management strategies for rice production in Zhejiang. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:45:58Z","timestamp":1787028358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Annual monitoring reveals spatiotemporal dynamics of multiple herbicide resistance in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Echinochloa crus\u2010galli<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    populations across Zhejiang Province, China"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University  Changsha China"},{"name":"Institute of Germplasm Resources and 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Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8451-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University  Changsha China"},{"name":"Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University  Changsha 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