{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T06:26:48Z","timestamp":1786688808928,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public and regulatory efforts to reduce reliance on synthetic insecticides have accelerated the promotion of non\u2010insecticidal strategies for indoor pest management, yet reliable evidence of their effectiveness remains limited. In this study, the efficacy of commercially available non\u2010insecticidal products, including a freeze\u2010spray aerosol, light traps, and an \u2018insect repellent\u2019 lamp, was examined under laboratory, simulated\u2010use, and field conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the laboratory tests, the freeze\u2010spray aerosol produced faster knockdown and higher mortality in the following order: Asian tiger mosquitoes, house flies, and German cockroaches. However, in the simulated\u2010use test, the order was reversed for spray\u2010to\u2010retrieval time between cockroaches and house flies, with cockroaches retrieved more rapidly (25.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5\u2009s) than house flies (72.7\u2009\u00b1\u200915.9\u2009s). A knockback effect, quantified by jet\u2010induced force (0.43\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04\u2009mN for house flies at 30\u2009cm), a narrow effective cooling zone (&lt;\u20093\u2009cm in radius), and post\u2010chilling recovery were identified as practical limitations. For light traps, fan\u2010equipped traps generally outperformed electric\u2010grid traps, and CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      supplementation substantially improved mosquito attraction. In a 4\u2010week in\u2010home trial, 78.9% of participants reported a perceived reduction in pest density, although satisfaction was influenced more by user experience than by capture outcomes. A limited effective range and disturbance from fan noise and light emission were noted as drawbacks. The \u2018insect repellent\u2019 lamp reduced mosquito attraction only in the laboratory choice test and showed no repellent effect in the outdoor field test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings indicate that the effectiveness of non\u2010insecticidal consumer products may be limited under real\u2010use conditions, highlighting the need for standardized, use\u2010relevant efficacy evaluations and clearer public communication. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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