{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:42:32Z","timestamp":1787568152312,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chemical herbicides are essential for crop productivity, but increasing resistance demands new modes of action. Microbial metabolites offer a promising source of novel phytotoxins. Here, we elucidate the herbicidal mechanism of rubratoxin B (RB), a mycotoxin produced by\n                      <jats:italic>Talaromyces purpureogenus<\/jats:italic>\n                      XJ14C02 strain isolated from soil in Xinjiang, China.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RB exhibited potent root growth inhibition against\n                      <jats:italic>Echinochloa crus\u2010galli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Conyza canadensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                      (IC\u2085\u2080\u2009=\u200914.70, 9.45, and 0.21\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , respectively). Integrated multi\u2010omics profiling identified 2373 differentially expressed genes, 518 differentially expressed proteins, and 151 differential metabolites, with the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway consistently enriched across all three omics layers. RB activated upstream enzymes (PAL, 4CL, HCT) and led to accumulation of caffeoyl shikimic acid, while concurrently suppressing downstream flavonoid\u2010related genes (CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS) and reducing coniferin levels.\n                      <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutants deficient in PAL or 4CL displayed markedly increased RB sensitivity, confirming the functional relevance of these nodes. Additionally, RB disrupted auxin distribution in root tips and caused severe ultrastructural damage.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RB disrupts the plant growth\u2013defense balance through an \u2018upstream phenylpropanoid activation\u2013downstream flavonoid inhibition\u2019 mechanism. Multi\u2010omics integration coupled with mutant validation identifies PAL, 4CL, and F3H as critical functional mediators of RB phytotoxicity. These findings advance the mechanistic understanding of mycotoxin\u2010driven herbicidal action and position RB as a promising lead scaffold for bioherbicide development. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:17:26Z","timestamp":1787566646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytotoxicity mechanism of rubratoxin B from the soil\u2010derived fungus,\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Talaromyces purpureogenus<\/i>\n                      XJ14C02\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1192-7955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South 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