{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:23:15Z","timestamp":1787725395256,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Polypogon fugax<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a major weed in wheat and winter canola fields in China. Two populations, SD\u20104 and JS\u201013, showing resistance to the ALS inhibitor mesosulfuron\u2010methyl, were collected from winter wheat fields. This study aimed to characterize their resistance level and cross\u2010resistance profile, investigate the resistance mechanism and identify its functional genes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dose\u2013response assays showed that SD\u20104 and JS\u201013 have high\u2010level resistance to mesosulfuron\u2010methyl (15.9\u2010and 16.4\u2010fold, respectively) and cross\u2010resistance to the ACCase inhibitors clodinafop\u2010propargyl, fenoxaprop\u2010P\u2010ethyl, quizalofop\u2010p\u2010ethyl, and the PDS inhibitor diflufenican. Sequencing of the ALS gene revealed no known target\u2010site mutations within the eight conserved resistance\u2010associated regions. Pre\u2010treatment with the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) inhibitor malathion or the glutathione S\u2010transferase (GST) inhibitor NBD\u2010Cl increased herbicide sensitivity in resistant plants. The resistant plants showed higher inducible GST activity. Herbicide residues analysis observed that resistant plants exhibiting increased mesosulfuron\u2010methyl metabolism, and the enhanced metabolism could be reduced by both inhibitors. Integrated transcriptomic and qRT\u2010PCR analysis identified 17 stably upregulated genes, including Pf\n                      <jats:italic>GSTU6<\/jats:italic>\n                      and Pf\n                      <jats:italic>GSTL1<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and rice callus overexpressing Pf\n                      <jats:italic>GSTU6<\/jats:italic>\n                      and Pf\n                      <jats:italic>GSTL<\/jats:italic>\n                      1 exhibit significantly enhanced herbicide tolerance to mesosulfuron\u2010methyl, and molecular docking analysis confirmed the strong binding affinity of GST proteins to the target herbicide.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The P450s and GSTs mediated herbicide metabolism confer mesosulfuron\u2010methyl resistance in\n                      <jats:italic>P. fugax<\/jats:italic>\n                      . This study elucidates the resistance mechanism and provides genetic resources for resistance monitoring and crop breeding. In addition, we characterized the cross\u2010resistance profile of the resistant\n                      <jats:italic>P. fugax<\/jats:italic>\n                      population, which provides guidance for developing targeted field weed resistance management strategies. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T05:32:36Z","timestamp":1787722356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glutathione\n                    <scp>S<\/scp>\n                    \u2010transferase genes\n                    <scp>\n                      Pf\n                      <i>GSTU6<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>\n                      Pf\n                      <i>GSTL1<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    involved in mesosulfuron\u2010methyl resistance in\n                    <i>Polypogon fugax<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8282-1595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Longhao","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University  Tai\u2019an People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Shandong Province Higher Education Provincial Key Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technology Laboratory  Tai\u2019an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liujun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University  Tai\u2019an People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Shandong Province Higher Education Provincial Key Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technology Laboratory  Tai\u2019an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University  Tai\u2019an People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Shandong Province Higher Education Provincial Key Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technology Laboratory  Tai\u2019an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaiying","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University  Tai\u2019an People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao KingAgroot Crop Science Co., Ltd.  Qingdao People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuegang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao KingAgroot Crop Science Co., Ltd.  Qingdao People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao KingAgroot Crop Science Co., Ltd.  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