{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T05:18:56Z","timestamp":1787635136692,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n Nilaparvata lugens<\/jats:italic>\n is a major rice pest in Asia, exhibiting significant phototactic behavior, which plays a critical role in its migration and colonization. However, the response characteristics of\n N. lugens<\/jats:italic>\n to different light wavelengths and its underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study aims to investigate visual structure, the phototaxis and opsin gene functions in\n N. lugens<\/jats:italic>\n to provide a theoretical basis for developing new vision\u2010based physical control techniques.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Female\n N. lugens<\/jats:italic>\n exhibited more ommatidia (501.3\n vs.<\/jats:italic>\n 470.7), larger ommatidial size (277.4\n vs.<\/jats:italic>\n 253.1\u2009\u03bcm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ), and higher relative pigment content per ommatidium compared to males. Prolonging light exposure (15\u201360\u2009min) increased phototaxis rate from 45.3% to 69.3%, and raising intensity (80\u2013400\u2009lx) increased it from 38.0% to 69.3%. Extended dark adaptation induced a biphasic response, initially decreasing and then increasing the phototaxis rate (56.0% to 42.7% to 69.3%). Furthermore, the spectral sensitivity of the\n N. lugens<\/jats:italic>\n was found as follows: 460\u2009nm\u2009>\u2009520\u2009nm\u2009>\u2009365\u2009nm\u2009>\u2009560\u2009nm. Silencing\n UV1<\/jats:italic>\n or\n UV2<\/jats:italic>\n significantly reduced phototaxis rate under 365\u2009nm UV light, while silencing\n LW<\/jats:italic>\n markedly decreased phototaxis rate under 460\u2009nm blue light, 520\u2009nm green light, and 560\u2009nm yellow light.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n This study indicates that sex\u2010specific differences in compound eye morphology of\n N. lugens<\/jats:italic>\n correlate with differential phototactic responses to 560\u2009nm light.\n N. lugens<\/jats:italic>\n is the most sensitive to 460\u2009nm blue light and that its phototaxis is modulated by light exposure duration, dark adaptation, and intensity. Moreover, we verified that\n UV1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n UV2<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n LW<\/jats:italic>\n are essential for mediating visual responses to specific wavelengths in\n N. lugens<\/jats:italic>\n . \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:24:39Z","timestamp":1787631879000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The compound eye structure, phototactic traits and opsin gene\u2010mediating photosensitive mechanism in\n Nilaparvata lugens<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Chengquan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 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