{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T06:08:47Z","timestamp":1789106927202,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n Citral repels\n Haemaphysalis longicornis<\/jats:italic>\n nymphs, but its volatility limits persistence. This study compared citral\u2010loaded\n Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n formulations prepared with or without plasmolysis\u2010associated pretreatment for recoverable citral\u2010equivalent content, empirical release behavior, and repellency.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Yeast was incubated in 10% (w\/v) NaCl at 50\u2009\u00b0C for 48\u2009h and heated at 80\u201385\u2009\u00b0C for 20\u2009min before citral loading. Plasmolyzed microcapsules (P\u2010C) contained more UV\u2010recoverable citral\u2010equivalent material than non\u2010plasmolyzed microcapsules (NP\u2010C) (35.5\u2009\u00b1\u20093.3%\n versus<\/jats:italic>\n 24.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4%;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20093,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). Confocal images and line scans showed stronger, more uniform cell\u2010associated Nile red fluorescence in P\u2010C, but localization was qualitative and did not distinguish intracellular from surface\u2010associated material. Fourier transform infrared spectra retained citral\u2010related bands, although matrix overlap precluded compound\u2010specific confirmation and exclusion of minor oxidized species. In 30:70 v\/v water\/ethanol, NP\u2010C was better fitted by a burst\u2010adjusted first\u2010order model, whereas P\u2010C was better fitted by a modified Higuchi\u2010type model; therefore, no common or diffusion\u2010controlled mechanism was established. The modified Higuchi apparent burst parameter was lower for P\u2010C than for NP\u2010C (0.119\n versus<\/jats:italic>\n 0.324). In silicone membrane choice assays, pure citral was significantly repellent at 3\u2009h but not at 4 or 5\u2009h, whereas P\u2010C remained significantly repellent at 5\u2009h.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n P\u2010C showed higher recoverable citral\u2010equivalent content, more uniform cell\u2010associated fluorescence, lower apparent early release, and significant 5\u2010h repellency. However, activity beyond 5\u2009h, residual citral at 5\u2009h, vapor\u2010phase exposure, and compound\u2010specific integrity were not determined. Interpretation was conservative because UV detection was not chromatographically validated for specificity. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:44:37Z","timestamp":1789105477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Citral encapsulation in plasmolyzed yeast cells increases loading and reduces initial burst release while extending observed repellency against\n \n Haemaphysalis longicornis<\/i>\n <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2455-6639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na\u2010Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010Hwan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry Jeonbuk National University Jeonju South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namhyun","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1776-3373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoi Seon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Team HS Biotech for Medical Research Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.12.025","article-title":"Repellence of essential oils and selected compounds against ticks\u2014a systematic review","volume":"179","author":"Benelli G","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11080502","article-title":"Chemosensory and behavioural responses of Ixodes scapularis to natural products: role of chemosensory organs in volatile detection","volume":"11","author":"Faraone N","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2016.10.005","article-title":"Essential oils as ecofriendly biopesticides? 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Ixodidae)","volume":"56","author":"Lima ADS","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"}],"container-title":["Pest Management 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