{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:16:58Z","timestamp":1788153418575,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n The brown planthopper (BPH),\n Nilaparvata lugens<\/jats:italic>\n , exhibits wing dimorphism, a phenotypic plasticity crucial for its dispersal and population dynamics. While the insulin\/insulin\u2010like growth factor signaling (IIS)\u2013FoxO pathway regulates organ growth, its upstream modulators in BPH wing dimorphism remain poorly defined.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Among the four calcium signaling genes (\n NlITPR<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n NlRyr<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n NlStim1<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n NlOrai1<\/jats:italic>\n ),\n NlOrai1<\/jats:italic>\n exhibited the highest expression under both high\u2010 and low\u2010density conditions, and was significantly up\u2010regulated under high\u2010density compared with low\u2010density conditions. Compared with low\u2010density conditions,\n NlOrai1<\/jats:italic>\n expression was significantly elevated during the third to fifth instars under high\u2010density conditions, with particularly high levels in the head and wingbud tissues. RNA interference\u2010mediated knockdown of\n NlOrai1<\/jats:italic>\n reduced expression by 75% and induced severely reduced wings compared to ds\n GFP<\/jats:italic>\n controls, elicited molecular changes characterized by down\u2010regulation of\n NlInR1<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n NlVg<\/jats:italic>\n alongside up\u2010regulation of\n NlFoxO<\/jats:italic>\n . Co\u2010knockdown of\n NlOrai1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n NlFoxO<\/jats:italic>\n effectively rescued the wing reduction phenotype, knockdown of\n NlOrai1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n NlInR2<\/jats:italic>\n did not compared with\n NlOrai1<\/jats:italic>\n and\n GFP<\/jats:italic>\n control groups. Western bolt analysis demonstrated that\n Nl<\/jats:italic>\n Orai1 knockdown suppressed\n Nl<\/jats:italic>\n FoxO phosphorylation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n Nl<\/jats:italic>\n Orai1 acts as a key upstream regulator linking population density cues to the Akt\u2013FoxO signaling axis, controlling wing morph determination in BPH. This functional interaction provides a mechanistic framework for understanding density\u2010dependent polyphenism and offers potential molecular targets for disrupting pest dispersal capabilities. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T04:25:05Z","timestamp":1788150305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\n Nl<\/i>\n Orai1\n <\/scp>\n regulates wing dimorphism via the Akt\u2013\n FoxO<\/scp>\n signaling pathway in the brown planthopper,\n \n Nilaparvata lugens<\/i>\n <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3799-2501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miao\u2010Miao","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs\/Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Institute of Environment and Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010Guang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant Protection, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Product Quality and Safety and Standards Research Center)\/Key Laboratory of Plant Diseases and Pests of Hainan Province Haikou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun\u2010Kun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs\/Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Institute of Environment and Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou China"},{"name":"College of Plant Science and Biotechnology & Hainan Research Institute Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0960-7779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu\u2010Ping","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs\/Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Institute of Environment and Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi\u2010Hui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Science and Biotechnology & Hainan Research Institute Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 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