{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:14:18Z","timestamp":1788243258633,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Glyphosate resistance in\n                      <jats:italic>Lolium perenne<\/jats:italic>\n                      ssp.\n                      <jats:italic>multiflorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Italian ryegrass), a major weed in temperate cropping systems, threatens effective weed control and crop productivity. This study characterized the glyphosate response and target\u2010site glyphosate resistance mechanisms in three biotypes (PA, MG and HE) from northwest Pampas region.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The resistant biotypes exhibited significantly higher glyphosate median lethal dose (LD\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and dose to reduce growth rate by 50% (GR\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) values, with resistance indices ranging from 5.5 to 9.3. Both resistant biotypes (MG and HE) displayed hormesis, showing growth stimulation at sublethal glyphosate doses. Shikimic acid accumulation assays confirmed reduced glyphosate sensitivity in resistant biotypes, consistent with lower levels of EPSPS inhibition. Partial EPSPS gene sequencing revealed distinct Pro\u2010106 substitutions: Pro\u2010106\u2010Ser in HE, and Pro\u2010106\u2010Thr in PA and MG, both previously associated with reduced glyphosate binding while maintaining enzyme activity. These results suggested at least two independent evolutionary origins of this resistance. Quantitative PCR revealed significantly increased EPSPS transcript levels in resistant biotypes without evidence of gene copy number amplification, indicating that elevated EPSPS expression may contribute to resistance in combination with target\u2010site mutations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glyphosate resistance in Italian ryegrass is primarily associated with target\u2010site EPSPS mutations (Pro\u2010106\u2010Ser and Pro\u2010106\u2010Thr), whereas increased EPSPS expression may further contribute to the resistant phenotype. Hormesis in some resistant biotypes adds complexity to the resistance dynamics. Together, these findings highlight the adaptive potential of this species under recurrent glyphosate selection and underscore the need for integrated weed management strategies to delay the evolution and spread of herbicide resistance. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:24:16Z","timestamp":1788240256000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Naturally occurring target\u2010site\n                    <scp>EPSPS<\/scp>\n                    mutations and moderate\n                    <scp>EPSPS<\/scp>\n                    over\u2010expression confer glyphosate resistance in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Lolium perenne<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ssp.\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>multiflorum<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    biotypes from Argentina"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7762-1190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban Mu\u00f1iz","family":"Padilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural Sciences National University of Entre R\u00edos  Uruguay Argentina"},{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology Autonomous University of Entre R\u00edos  Uruguay Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelia","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology (IABIMO) National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)  Hurlingham Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2118-290X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin M.","family":"Vila\u2010Aiub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFEVA \u2013 CONICET \u2013 Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Ecology University of Buenos Aires (UBA)  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Sequin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural Sciences National University of Entre R\u00edos  Uruguay Argentina"},{"name":"Faculty of Science and Technology Autonomous University of Entre R\u00edos  Uruguay Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0214-2048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Yanniccari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONICET, Faculty of Agronomy National University of La Pampa, Barrow Integrated Experimental Station  Tres Arroyos Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Tuesca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural Sciences National University of Rosario, Villarino Experimental Field, Zavalla  Santa Fe Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Tosto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agrobiotechnology and Molecular Biology (IABIMO) National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)  Hurlingham 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