{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:09:54Z","timestamp":1789099794700,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The poultry red mite (\n                      <jats:italic>Dermanyssus gallinae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) seriously threatens the global poultry industry. Reliance on chemical acaricides has led to resistance, and plant essential oils represent an eco\u2010friendly alternative, but their mode of action remains unclear. Amitraz targets the \u03b22\u2010adrenergic\u2010like octopamine receptor (Oct\u03b22R). This study aimed to clone and characterize Oct\u03b22R from\n                      <jats:italic>D. gallinae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , elucidate the mechanism of amitraz and essential oils, and support resistance monitoring.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We cloned DgOct\u03b22R. Evolutionary analysis revealed that DgOct\u03b22R clusters with other mite Oct\u03b22Rs, distinct from insect orthologs. Functional assays in HEK293T cells demonstrated that amitraz and its metabolite N\u2032\u2010(2,4\u2010dimethylphenyl)\u2010N\u2010methylformamidine(DPMF) potently activated DgOct\u03b22R, with DPMF acting as a full agonist. The plant essential oil component thymol also exhibited agonist activity at micromolar concentrations. Molecular docking revealed that DPMF and thymol bind the orthosteric pocket via a hydrogen bond with D\n                      <jats:sup>3.32<\/jats:sup>\n                      , whereas octopamine additionally engages S\n                      <jats:sup>5.46<\/jats:sup>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study successfully identified and functionally characterized DgOct\u03b22R from\n                      <jats:italic>D. gallinae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , providing molecular evidence that amitraz and DPMF target this receptor. The differential potency between synthetic and natural compounds reveals distinct agonistic profiles. These findings establish a molecular basis for rational use of amitraz, resistance surveillance, and structure\u2010based design of novel and environmentally friendly acaricides targeting DgOct\u03b22R. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:02:23Z","timestamp":1789099343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of the\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Dermanyssus gallinae<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    octopamine receptor\n                    <scp>DgOct\u03b22R<\/scp>\n                    as the molecular target for synthetic and natural acaricides"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Zihan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanbing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ringpu Biology Co. 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