{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:09:51Z","timestamp":1789016991632,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003627","name":"Rural Development Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n Varroa destructor<\/jats:italic>\n is an ectoparasitic mite and a major threat to honey\u2010bee colony health worldwide. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a potentially species\u2010specific approach for mite control, but practical application is limited by double\u2010stranded RNA (dsRNA) degradation and inefficient delivery to mites. This study evaluated coatomer protein I (COPI) complex subunits as RNAi targets and tested whether chitosan\u2010based dsRNA formulation could improve dsRNA stability, tissue uptake, and delivery from honey\u2010bees to mites.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Direct microinjection of dsRNAs targeting COPB, COPD, and COPE significantly reduced target\u2010gene expression and mite survival compared with the double\u2010stranded green fluorescent protein (dsGFP) control, with 72\u2010h survival rates of 8.0%, 12.7%, and 5.3%, respectively, compared with 40.7% in the control group (all log\u2010rank\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001). Chitosan\u2010conjugated dsRNA remained detectable for longer periods than naked dsRNA in honey\u2010bee tissue fluids, and CNP\u2010Cy3\u2010dsGFP was detected in the honey\u2010bee midgut and fat body. A qualitative fluorescence observation in\n V. destructor<\/jats:italic>\n was consistent with host\u2010to\u2010mite dsRNA transfer. Ingestion of COP\u2010targeted chitosan\u2010dsRNAs reduced mite survival, whereas honey\u2010bee survival and expression of honey\u2010bee COP orthologs were not affected.\n In silico<\/jats:italic>\n analysis detected no contiguous \u226519\u2010nt matches between\n Varroa<\/jats:italic>\n COP dsRNAs and the honey\u2010bee transcriptome or genome.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n COPI subunits are promising RNAi targets in\n V. destructor<\/jats:italic>\n , and chitosan formulation may improve dsRNA persistence and uptake while supporting honey\u2010bee\u2010mediated delivery to mites. These laboratory findings support further evaluation of chitosan\u2010formulated dsRNA as a potentially species\u2010selective strategy for\n Varroa<\/jats:italic>\n management, while broader safety assessment and field validation remain necessary. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:38:53Z","timestamp":1789015133000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chitosan\u2013\n dsRNA<\/scp>\n improves tissue stability and delivery for\n RNAi<\/scp>\n \u2010mediated\n \n Varroa destructor<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n control"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6698-1823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanghyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Nematology, Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8074-5413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashmi Manohar","family":"Mahalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoe Nan","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keon Mook","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.04.004","article-title":"Varroa destructor: a complex parasite, crippling honey bees worldwide","volume":"36","author":"Traynor KS","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51514-9","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of Varroa destructor and Nosema spp. in symptomatic honey bee colonies across the USA from 2015 to 2022","volume":"14","author":"Abban S","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1051\/apido\/2009076","article-title":"Varroa destructor is the main culprit for the death and reduced populations of overwintered honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in Ontario, 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