{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:05:53Z","timestamp":1789182353251,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Host\u2010egg preservation is a major bottleneck in the mass rearing of the egg\u2010parasitic mite\n                      <jats:italic>Paracarophenax alternatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a potential biological\u2010control resource targeting\n                      <jats:italic>Monochamus alternatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the principal vector of pine wilt disease in East Asia. Preserved host eggs must resist microbial deterioration while remaining suitable for mite acceptance, physogastric development and offspring production. This study aimed to develop a sequential preservation\u2013compatibility framework integrating mold control with host\u2010use performance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 15\u2009min dipping window standardized exposure. Sorbic acid showed the most favorable mold\u2010control profile among single preservatives, and solvent\u2013concentration optimization identified 1.6\u2009g\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      sorbic acid in 75% ethanol as the short\u2010cycle benchmark, combining no visible mold at 8\u2009days with 100% selective parasitism and the highest physogastric\u2010female production among no\u2010mold formulations. In the 16\u2009days validation assay, SA\u2010L3 (1.6\u2009g\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      sorbic acid plus 1.5\u2009g\u2009L\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      lysozyme in 50% ethanol) maintained no visible mold through 12\u2009days, reached 7.3% mold incidence at 16\u2009days and had the lowest 4\u201316\u2009days mold\u2010incidence area under curve (14.67%\u2009d). It retained full selective parasitism, benchmark\u2010level physogastric\u2010female production, high physogastric body volume and stable developmental duration. The host\u2010use index (HUI\u2009=\u20090.994), sensitivity analysis and principal component analysis consistently ranked SA\u2010L3 first.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Host\u2010egg preservation for\n                      <jats:italic>Paracarophenax alternatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      cannot be optimized by mold control alone. Joint evaluation of microbial stability and host\u2010use performance identified SA\u2010L3 as the leading long\u2010cycle candidate under the tested laboratory conditions. This preservation\u2013compatibility framework provides a quantitative basis for host\u2010substrate quality control in\n                      <jats:italic>Paracarophenax alternatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      mass rearing and related natural\u2010enemy production systems. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:18:47Z","timestamp":1789179527000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preserving host\u2010egg usability beyond mold control: a sorbic acid\u2013lysozyme system for mass rearing the egg\u2010parasitic mite\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Paracarophenax alternatus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Runkai","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixuan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuliang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junnan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Academy of Forestry  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3488-576X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2763-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.35.1.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-081211-172910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.13875"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.14801"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17614"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Nematode\u2010vector relationships in the pine wilt disease system","volume":"20","author":"Linit MJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Nematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0329.2011.00733.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/cjast\/2022\/v41i343951","article-title":"Genome size survey of the Japanese pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)","volume":"41","author":"Fan B","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr J Appl Sci Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01568"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03048-y","article-title":"Chromosome\u2010level genome assembly of the Japanese sawyer beetle Monochamus alternatus","volume":"11","author":"Gao YF","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03150-1","article-title":"A near\u2010complete genome assembly of Monochamus alternatus a major vector beetle of pinewood nematode","volume":"11","author":"Xing L","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"2411","article-title":"First record of the genus Paracarophenax (Acari: Acarophenacidae) from China, with description of a new species","volume":"23","author":"Xu Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"Syst Appl Acarol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Studies on Paracarophenax alternatus I: biological characteristics","volume":"58","author":"Li JN","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Silvae Sin"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"Studies on Paracarophenax alternatus II: movement and taxis of adult female mites","volume":"58","author":"Li JN","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Silvae Sin"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"128","article-title":"Studies on Paracarophenax alternatus III: phoretic characteristics","volume":"58","author":"Li JN","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Silvae Sin"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Studies on Paracarophenax alternatus IV: effects of environmental and rearing conditions on parasitism rate","volume":"61","author":"Li JN","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Silvae Sin"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17010007","article-title":"Screening and identification of reference genes for Paracarophenax alternatus","volume":"17","author":"Zhang YM","year":"2026","journal-title":"Insects (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents","author":"Lenteren JC","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43170-024-00263-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-017-9801-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13010105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(99)00072-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8410747"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(02)00233-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-10-2635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2911(08)60294-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Bactericidal activity of alcohols","volume":"16","author":"Russell AD","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2000.01017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2006.01386.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00646.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"The use of sorbic acid in controlling fungal growth and mycotoxin production","volume":"149","author":"Kabak B","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.6.3506-3511.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.116749"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","article-title":"Re\u2010evaluation of sorbic acid (E 200) and potassium sorbate (E 202) as food additives","volume":"17","author":"EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su17083434"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/WPS19910015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196305"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.833618","article-title":"An overview of antimicrobial activity of lysozyme and its functionality in cheese","volume":"9","author":"Khorshidian N","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2025.105267"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2011.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12090840"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2021.104534"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1102216","article-title":"Performance of two egg parasitoids of brown marmorated stink bug before and after cold storage","volume":"14","author":"Li WJ","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-6718-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1080\/09583157.2019.1566439","article-title":"Parasitism of frozen Halyomorpha halys eggs by Trissolcus japonicus: applications for rearing and experimentation","volume":"29","author":"McIntosh H","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biocontrol Sci Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toaa307","article-title":"An effective cold storage method for stockpiling Halyomorpha halys eggs for field surveys and laboratory rearing of Trissolcus japonicus","volume":"114","author":"Wong WHL","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","volume-title":"Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology","author":"Kerkut GA","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","volume-title":"The Insects: Structure and Function","author":"Chapman RF","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","volume-title":"Insect Physiology and Biochemistry","author":"Nation JL","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","volume-title":"GB 2760\u20132024 National Food Safety Standard: Standards for Uses of Food Additives","author":"National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555818463.ch30"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/10-0340.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<857::AID-SIM777>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2008.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2010.00021.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","volume-title":"Nonparametric Statistical Methods","author":"Hollander M","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-010-0363-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001220051615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.2005.00350.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","volume-title":"Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer","author":"Saltelli A","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2015.0202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0308-303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents","author":"Lenteren JC","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s44187-025-00616-y","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of ethanol plant extract combined with organic acid against pathogenic and spoilage bacteria at different pH conditions","volume":"5","author":"Heng S","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov Food"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33041","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-03152-y","article-title":"Antimicrobial, synergistic and antibiofilm activities of Myristica fragrans Houtt. bioactive compounds and their derivatives","volume":"15","author":"Kaur V","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funbio.2023.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s40793-022-00443-z","article-title":"Associated bacteria of a pine sawyer beetle confer resistance to entomopathogenic fungi via fungal growth inhibition","volume":"17","author":"Deng J","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Microbiome"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.29.010184.000555"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","first-page":"1250","article-title":"Preliminary study on combined control of Tetranychus urticae by Cordyceps javanica and Neoseiulus barkeri","volume":"40","author":"Zhao Y","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Biol Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"Effects of feed preservatives on growth and development of silkworm and preservative efficacy","volume":"63","author":"Deng ZH","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hubei Agric Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","first-page":"1048","article-title":"Effects of different preservative formulations in artificial diets on growth, development and reproduction of Helicoverpa armigera","volume":"61","author":"Qu HL","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Appl Entomol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","unstructured":"ShiP Nutrient utilization ofIps subelongatusand its artificial diet rearing technology. MSc thesis Northeast Forestry University(2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","unstructured":"YuQN Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of sorbic acid and its application in bakery products. MSc thesis Jiangnan University(2022)."}],"container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.71290","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ps.71290","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.71290","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:18:54Z","timestamp":1789179534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ps.71290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ps.71290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.71290","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-498X","1526-4998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ps.71290"}}