{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:50:49Z","timestamp":1792137049063,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (PWN), is a major threat to forest health and pest management in China. Because PWD results from interactions among the pathogen, vector insects, and host plants, single\u2010component analyses may misrepresent disease risk and overlook species\u2010specific contributions. We integrated the environmental niches of the pathogen, hosts, and vectors to characterize abiotic constraints and biotic influences on PWD risk, quantify species\u2010specific contributions and interactions, and inform surveillance priorities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ensemble ecological niche models were developed for PWN, 17 susceptible hosts, and 10 potential cerambycid vectors across China and integrated with GeoDetector analysis. Although suitability patterns were broadly consistent, PWN had a much narrower suitable range than hosts and vectors, and this concordance declined under future climate scenarios. Bioclimatic variables were the primary determinants of habitat suitability for most species, whereas PWN showed narrower optimal ranges for key environmental drivers than most hosts and vectors. GeoDetector revealed substantial interspecific variation in explanatory power for PWN suitability, with\n                      <jats:italic>Pinus massoniana<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P. thunbergii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Monochamus alternatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      showing the highest q\u2010values (0.78, 0.77, and 0.79, respectively). All host\u2010vector combinations explained PWN suitability better than either species alone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PWD risk in China cannot be inferred from host or vector availability alone, but is shaped by stronger abiotic constraints on PWN and host\u2010vector interactions. Climatically marginal regions with suitable hosts and vectors should be prioritized for surveillance, and species with high q\u2010values warrant further investigation. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:41:11Z","timestamp":1792136471000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrating niches of the pathogen, multiple host and vector species highlights abiotic constraints and host\u2010vector interactions shaping pine wilt disease risk in China"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4540-4362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenquan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Highland Forest Science Chinese Academy of Forestry  Kunming China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects  Kunming China"},{"name":"Graduate School Nanjing Forestry University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Highland Forest Science Chinese Academy of Forestry  Kunming China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangxia","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Forestry Southwest Forestry University  Kunming 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