{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:05:46Z","timestamp":1789563946853,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The pea aphid,\n                      <jats:italic>Acyrthosiphon pisum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , is a damaging phloem\u2010feeding pest of legume crops, and RNA interference (RNAi)\u2010based targeting of stress\u2010adaptation genes offers a promising route for target\u2010specific pest management. Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) proteins are putative lipid carriers in insects, but the function of the chromosome\u20103 paralog\n                      <jats:italic>ApApoD3<\/jats:italic>\n                      in aphid cuticular waterproofing remains unknown. We investigated whether\n                      <jats:italic>ApApoD3<\/jats:italic>\n                      regulates cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) accumulation and desiccation tolerance in\n                      <jats:italic>A. pisum<\/jats:italic>\n                      using RNAi, GC\u2013MS\u2010based CHC profiling, water\u2010balance and survival assays, fecundity assessment, and RNA sequencing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Injection of ds\n                      <jats:italic>ApApoD3<\/jats:italic>\n                      significantly suppressed\n                      <jats:italic>ApApoD3<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression, producing 47.47% knockdown at 48\u2009h and maintaining significant silencing through 96\u2009h.\n                      <jats:italic>ApApoD3<\/jats:italic>\n                      depletion reduced total CHC abundance by 28.69% and significantly reduced long\u2010chain\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010alkanes, specifically\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010C\n                      <jats:sub>25<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010C\n                      <jats:sub>30<\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010C\n                      <jats:sub>32<\/jats:sub>\n                      . This disruption of the cuticular lipid barrier was accompanied by a 19.44% reduction in body water content and an approximately 2.05\u2010fold increase in water loss rate. Under severe desiccation, no\n                      <jats:italic>ApApoD3<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010silenced aphids survived at 36\u2009h, whereas 26.67% of controls remained alive. Separately, cumulative fecundity was significantly reduced at all observation times from 12 to 120\u2009h after\n                      <jats:italic>ApApoD3<\/jats:italic>\n                      silencing. Transcriptome analysis identified 187 differentially expressed genes and revealed enrichment of neuropeptide signaling, hormone activity, and G protein\u2010coupled receptor binding, indicating a broad transcriptional response to\n                      <jats:italic>ApApoD3<\/jats:italic>\n                      silencing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>ApApoD3<\/jats:italic>\n                      is required for long\u2010chain CHC homeostasis, water retention, desiccation tolerance, and reproductive fitness in\n                      <jats:italic>A. pisum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These findings identify\n                      <jats:italic>ApApoD3<\/jats:italic>\n                      as a mechanistically supported RNAi candidate for stress\u2010sensitization\u2010based aphid management. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T12:23:03Z","timestamp":1789561383000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Apolipoprotein\n                    <scp>D3<\/scp>\n                    is required for long\u2010chain cuticular hydrocarbon accumulation and water retention in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Acyrthosiphon pisum<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Bing\u2010Jin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Ecology of Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Province, College of Life Science, Yan'an University  Yan'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Ecology of Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Province, College of Life Science, Yan'an University  Yan'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Husne","family":"Mobarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosecurity, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Institute of Plant Health &amp; Medicine, Guizhou University  Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Ecology of Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Province, College of Life Science, Yan'an University  Yan'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhan\u2010Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&amp;F University  Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4639-559X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong\u2010Xian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosecurity, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Institute of Plant Health &amp; Medicine, Guizhou University  Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian\u2010Wen","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Ecology of Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Province, College of Life Science, Yan'an University  Yan'an China"},{"name":"Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosecurity, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Entomology, Institute of Plant Health &amp; Medicine, Guizhou University  Guiyang 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