{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:52:41Z","timestamp":1791359561997,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In conventional remote sensing monitoring, the quantitative estimation of vegetation damage caused by locust feeding has long been challenged by the spatiotemporal resolution limits of satellites, as well as a lack of understanding regarding the physiological characteristics of different locust species. To address this, cage experiments were conducted in a typical steppe region of northern China, with the primary grassland pest in the area,\n                      <jats:italic>Oedaleus decorus asiaticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , as the study subject.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Field experiments in Xilinhot revealed that vegetation indices were significantly more sensitive to biomass loss at certain stages of locust development than at others. During the fourth instar stage, the ratio vegetation index (RVI) and green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) exhibited high sensitivity to forage loss (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.79). In the adult stage, the modified soil\u2010adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI) demonstrated greater predictive accuracy for locust feeding intensity (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.95). The incorporation of natural pasture growth dynamics through the introduction of a vegetation index loss component (\u0394VI\u2032) effectively decouples environmental background interference, thereby enhancing both the accuracy and robustness of the model. Furthermore, with increasing pest population density, a decline in near\u2010infrared reflectance is observed, accompanied by a shift of the red\u2010edge position toward shorter wavelengths, a phenomenon commonly referred to as \u2018blue shift.\u2019\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrating the developmental phenology of locusts with multi\u2010temporal vegetation indices and red\u2010edge position dynamics enables real\u2010time monitoring of grassland locust infestations, quantitative damage assessment, and early warning capabilities. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agronomy Jiangxi Agricultural University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Grassland Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Hohhot China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runze","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Grassland Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Hohhot China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Narisu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xilingol League Grassland Workstation  Xilinhot China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xilingol League Grassland 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