{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:04:13Z","timestamp":1789711453107,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024MC110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024MC110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Meloidogyne incognita<\/jats:italic>\n                      poses a severe hazard to worldwide agricultural productivity, and emergence of multidrug resistance in this root\u2010knot nematode has further exacerbated this challenge. Benzaldehyde, a volatile organic compound, is a promising nematicidal compound; however, its mode of action against\n                      <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic>\n                      remains poorly elucidated. The present study aimed to systematically elucidate the nematicidal mechanism of benzaldehyde against\n                      <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      nematicidal assays demonstrated that benzaldehyde showed a potent nematicidal activity against second\u2010stage juveniles (J2s) and markedly inhibited J2s hatching from eggs. Microscopic observations revealed that J2s treated with 100\u2009mg\/L benzaldehyde developed vacuolar structures after 72\u2009h, with a greater abundance of vacuoles observed in the 400\u2009mg\/L treatment group. Notably, higher concentrations of benzaldehyde significantly suppressed the activity of glutathione\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010transferase (GST), causing reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and nematode death. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations confirmed that benzaldehyde could bind steadily to GST, thus weakening its antioxidant performance. Furthermore, pot experiments showed that benzaldehyde effectively reduced gall formation on cucumber roots caused by\n                      <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study uncovers a novel GST\u2010targeted inhibitory mechanism of benzaldehyde, which shows promising prospects for the exploitation of eco\u2010friendly nematicides. Meanwhile, it proposes an effective measure to curb the progressive multidrug resistance of\n                      <jats:italic>M. incognita<\/jats:italic>\n                      and alleviate severe agricultural economic losses. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:12:58Z","timestamp":1789708378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Benzaldehyde inhibits glutathione\n                    <i>S<\/i>\n                    \u2010transferase activity and triggers reactive oxygen species accumulation in\n                    <i>Meloidogyne incognita<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Shaohua","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University  Taian Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University  Taian Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University  Taian Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7389-7662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University  Taian Shandong 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