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However, our understanding of resistance status and molecular mechanisms of\n                      <jats:italic>L. perenne<\/jats:italic>\n                      ssp.\n                      <jats:italic>multiflorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      to pinoxaden remains limited.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>L. perenne<\/jats:italic>\n                      ssp.\n                      <jats:italic>multiflorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      populations have evolved diverse degrees of resistance to pinoxaden. A segregating population harboring the ACCase I1781T mutation was subsequently constructed, and it displayed high\u2010level resistance to pinoxaden with a resistance index (RI) of 58.41. This population exhibited cross\u2010resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides and decreased susceptibility to cyclohexanediones, yet remained susceptible to herbicides with distinct modes of action. After genetic segregation, homozygous I1781T ACCase individuals derived from the segregating population exhibited substantially increased pinoxaden resistance, with a RI of 205.40. Molecular dynamics simulations showed stable pinoxaden binding in the wild\u2010type complex, but transient ligand displacement in the I1781T mutant complex, supporting reduced stability of pinoxaden binding within the ACCase herbicide\u2010binding pocket.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We molecularly characterized the new ACCase I1781T substitution isolated from a pinoxaden\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>L. perenne<\/jats:italic>\n                      ssp.\n                      <jats:italic>multiflorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      population. Herbicide rotation utilizing herbicides with distinct modes of action represents a promising strategy to mitigate the spread of this resistance mutation. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T02:38:10Z","timestamp":1789958290000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular characterization and structural insights into the\n                    <scp>ACCase I1781T<\/scp>\n                    mutation conferring pinoxaden resistance in Italian ryegrass (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Lolium perenne<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ssp.\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>multiflorum<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    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College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaojing","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3614-1243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhike","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing 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