{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:08:09Z","timestamp":1790158089878,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000980","name":"Grains Research and Development Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000980","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spatially targeted spraying is an alternative to broadcast herbicide application that reduces herbicide use by restricting treatment to areas where weeds are detected. However, weed detection using remote or proximal sensing and classification algorithms is imperfect, which may allow weeds to escape treatment. This study examined the evolutionary consequences of spatially targeted spraying and evaluated whether applying herbicide to spray\u2010buffer zones surrounding detected weeds could compensate for reduced detection accuracy. We tested two hypotheses: first, that spray\u2010buffer zones can offset imperfect weed detection; and second, that lower detection accuracy and smaller spray\u2010buffer zones accelerate crop failure, by increasing weed survival, resistance evolution and population growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A new spatially explicit simulation model was used to represent weed populations with defined genetic architectures conferring different levels of herbicide resistance. The simulation results supported the first hypothesis, showing that spray\u2010buffer zones reduced the proportion of weeds escaping treatment under imperfect detection. However, the second hypothesis was not supported. More\u2010accurate spraying removed susceptible weeds more effectively but also imposed stronger selection for herbicide resistance. By contrast, less\u2010accurate detection resulted in larger weed populations, maintained a higher proportion of susceptible genotypes, and slowed the evolution of resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Spray\u2010buffer zones can partly compensate for imperfect weed detection in spatially targeted spraying systems. However, improving spray precision does not necessarily delay future crop failure from weed competition, because stronger short\u2010term control may accelerate resistance evolution. These findings highlight an important trade\u2010off between immediate herbicide efficacy and the long\u2010term durability of weed management strategies. They also underscore the importance of diversifying weed management strategies alongside the development of more\u2010accurate targeted herbicide application technologies. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:37:30Z","timestamp":1790156250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Do spatially targeted weed management strategies increase risk of herbicide resistance evolution?"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1734-2977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Salinas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia  Crawley WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7477-9921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Flower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia  Crawley WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9141-7404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Ashworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia  Crawley WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1316-0145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Renton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia  Crawley WA Australia"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia  Crawley WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15102366","article-title":"A framework for understanding crop\u2013weed competition in agroecosystems","volume":"15","author":"Savi\u0107 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