{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:00:49Z","timestamp":1790319649480,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mosquitocidal activity of\n                      <jats:italic>Lysinibacillus sphaericus<\/jats:italic>\n                      primarily results from the binary toxin BinA\/BinB, encoded by the\n                      <jats:italic>binA\/binB<\/jats:italic>\n                      operon within the 30\u2010kb mobile genetic element GI8. Promising for alleviating BinA\/BinB resistance, the two\u2010component toxins Cry48Aa1\/Tpp49Aa1 are of prime interest, but their very low expression levels in wild\u2010type isolates have so far hampered their use in mosquito biocontrol.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Besides the reported\n                      <jats:italic>cry48Aa1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>tpp49Aa1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , this study identified two new sets of\n                      <jats:italic>cry48\/tpp49<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants neighboring the GI8\u2010like region(s) in\n                      <jats:italic>L. sphaericus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The Cry48 variants could be expressed in BMB171, an acrystalliferous isolate of\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      sv.\n                      <jats:italic>israelensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , but not in\n                      <jats:italic>L. sphaericus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ; whereas the Tpp49 variants were expressed in both\n                      <jats:italic>B. thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>L. sphaericus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , except that the expression of\n                      <jats:italic>tpp49Ab2<\/jats:italic>\n                      was not observed in\n                      <jats:italic>L. sphaericus<\/jats:italic>\n                      G725 which also produces BinA\/BinB. Interestingly, Cry48 or Tpp49 alone have no mosquitocidal activity against\n                      <jats:italic>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      larvae, whereas all the tested Cry48\/Tpp49 combinations, at an equal molar ratio, displayed comparable toxicity to the BinA\/BinB combination. Remarkably also, the combination of BinA \u2010 Tpp49Ab2, and BinB with Tpp49Aa1 exhibited mosquitocidal activity which is likely to be related to the structural similarities between BinB and Tpp49Ab2, and between BinA and Tpp49Aa1.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study identified novel\n                      <jats:italic>cry48\/tpp49<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants and proposes their evolutionary origin through GI8 duplication. The Cry48 variants were successfully expressed in\n                      <jats:italic>B. thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      sv.\n                      <jats:italic>israelensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      but not in\n                      <jats:italic>L. sphaericus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The Tpp49 variants exhibited functional compatibility in hybrid combinations with Bin, suggesting conserved structural features that mediate cross\u2010toxin synergy. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:43:23Z","timestamp":1790318603000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diversity of Cry48\/Tpp49 binary toxins from\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Lysinibacillus sphaericus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    and differential activities of their pairwise cross combinations with\n                    <scp>BinA<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>BinB<\/scp>\n                    against\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    larvae"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Zubin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences South\u2010Central Minzu University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences South\u2010Central Minzu University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixin","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences South\u2010Central Minzu University  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Mahillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain  Louvain\u2010la\u2010Neuve 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