{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:51:42Z","timestamp":1791348702319,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n Apple is a globally vital economic crop severely damaged by Glomerella leaf spot (GLS) caused by\n Glomerella cingulata<\/jats:italic>\n . Current disease management relies heavily on chemical fungicides, but long\u2010term intensive application has triggered pathogen resistance, weakened control efficacy, aggravated pesticide residues and environmental contamination, and severely restricted the sustainable development of the apple industry. This study systematically investigated the disease resistance\u2010inducing potential of 3,6\u2010bis(1\u2010methylpropyl)\u20102,5\u2010piperazinedione (BMP), a functional metabolite from plant endophytes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n BMP induced strong resistance against\n G. cingulata<\/jats:italic>\n in detached apple leaves. Exogenous application of 0.1\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n BMP reduced leaf lesion counts by 58.46% at the early GLS stage, persistently alleviated fruit disease severity and simultaneously promoted seedling root development and biomass accumulation. It functions by enhancing core defense enzyme activities and defense\u2010related gene expression, boosting flavonoid synthesis via down\u2010regulating\n MdMYB16<\/jats:italic>\n and establishing a multi\u2010layered defense system.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n This work provides a novel strategy for apple disease management. It can reduce pesticide use, lower environmental impact, and improve fruit quality and safety, which fits the development concept of green agriculture and holds favorable application prospects. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:37:28Z","timestamp":1791347848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A novel elicitor confers apple resistance to\n \n Glomerella cingulata<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n through modulation of flavonoid metabolic pathways"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment\u2010Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China"},{"name":"College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment\u2010Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment\u2010Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment\u2010Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8629-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weichao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment\u2010Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment\u2010Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment\u2010Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baohua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment\u2010Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Resource Exploration and Innovative Utilization Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaozhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals of Shandong Province Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2533-1319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caixia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment\u2010Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Resource Exploration and Innovative Utilization Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"1408","article-title":"Malus domestica: a review on nutritional features, chemical composition, traditional and medicinal value","volume":"9","author":"Patocka J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plants (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11288","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911288","article-title":"The glutathione S\u2010transferase PtGSTF1 improves biomass production and salt tolerance through regulating xylem cell proliferation, ion homeostasis and reactive oxygen species scavenging in poplar","volume":"23","author":"Gao H","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol 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