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In this study, we explored a neuro\u2013antioxidant circuit that links temperature sensing to feeding modulation via reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To dissect the molecular basis of temperature\u2010dependent feeding plasticity, we characterized larval phenotypes under different thermal regimes, and showed that the feeding\u2010promoting neuropeptide F (NPF) and the salivary gland\u2010enriched\n                      <jats:italic>gustatory receptor 4<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>Gr4<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) form a positive feedback loop for larval feeding and growth. NPF and\n                      <jats:italic>Gr4<\/jats:italic>\n                      exhibited a gland\u2010specific and temperature\u2010bidirectional expression pattern. At 38\u2009\u00b0C, their transcript levels were suppressed in the mandibular gland; at 18\u2009\u00b0C, they were induced in the labial gland, relative to a temperature of 28\u2009\u00b0C. Extreme temperatures alter ROS levels, which in turn regulate\n                      <jats:italic>Gr4<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression. Furthermore, we identify catalase (CAT) as the dominant antioxidant enzyme in salivary glands, whose expression and activity are differentially modulated across glands and temperatures. Intriguingly,\n                      <jats:italic>Gr4<\/jats:italic>\n                      and CAT, as a bidirectional regulatory relationship, together maintain redox homeostasis. Disruption of either component elevates ROS and impairs feeding and growth across temperatures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study reveals a previously unrecognized NPF\u2013\n                      <jats:italic>Gr4<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013CAT regulatory axis. This dual\u2010regulatory axis, prioritizing energy intake in the cold and antioxidant defense under heat or host plant challenge, reveals how insects integrate environmental threats to balance survival and growth. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for understanding how adaptive behavioral plasticity evolves in response to complex ecological stressors. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:56:27Z","timestamp":1790837787000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>\n                      <i>Gustatory receptor 4<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    mediates oxidative stress signals to modulate adaptive feeding of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Ostrinia furnacalis<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    larvae under extreme 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