{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:50:59Z","timestamp":1791438659912,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012009","name":"United Soybean Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Early soybean (\n                      <jats:italic>Glycine max<\/jats:italic>\n                      (L.) Merr.) planting is increasingly adopted in Indiana and the upper Midwestern USA to maximize yield potential, yet seedlings may be more vulnerable to early\u2010season pests and environmental stressors. Seed\u2010applied systemic insecticides and fungicides are widely used to mitigate these risks, but their in\u2010plant concentrations under cold and wet spring soil conditions remain undefined. We quantified thiamethoxam, mefenoxam, fludioxonil, and sedaxane across planting dates, growth stages, and locations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During a 2\u2010year field study at three Indiana locations, soybeans were planted from early April to late May. Tissues were sampled at five growth stages: VE, VC, V1, V2, and V3\/V4. Thiamethoxam was detectable in plant tissues up to later vegetative stages (V4) in both early\u2010 and late\u2010season plantings, whereas fungicides persisted only to the first trifoliate (V1) stage. Thiamethoxam concentrations were highest at emergence (~30\u2009000\u201360\u2009000\u2009ng\/g), primarily in cotyledons, and declined sharply by V4 (~50\u2009ng\/g). Associations between tissue concentrations and planting date or abiotic conditions varied by compound, year, tissue, and growth stage. No uniform planting date effect was observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seed\u2010applied pesticides were concentrated in early seedling tissues and declined after emergence. No consistent relationships were observed between planting dates or abiotic conditions examined and pesticide residues in soybean tissues, making predictions about alignment between in\u2010plant concentrations and early\u2010season pest risk difficult. These early\u2010season field observations complement a literature base indicating that seed\u2010applied pesticides provide a brief, inconsistent window of protection that does not extend beyond the earliest growth stages. \u00a9 2026 The Author(s).\n                      <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic>\n                      published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:02:32Z","timestamp":1791435752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Persistence of seed\u2010applied pesticides in soybeans: environmental influences and implications for crop protection"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4348-284X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadhana","family":"Chhetri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology Purdue University  West Lafayette IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J","family":"Camberato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy Purdue University  West Lafayette IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3507-3210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian H","family":"Krupke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology Purdue University  West Lafayette IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","article-title":"Advances in soybean genetic improvement","volume":"13","author":"Vargas\u2010Almendra A","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plants (Basel, Switz)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.719706","article-title":"Soybean yield formation physiology \u2013 a foundation for precision breeding based improvement","volume":"12","author":"Vogel JT","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VaiknorasKandHubbsT \u00a0Characteristics and trends of U.S. soybean production practices costs and returns since 2002.USDA Economic Research Service Washington D.C. 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