{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:57:18Z","timestamp":1790657838493,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n \n Soybean root rot (SRR) is a devastating disease that severely reduces yield and quality in China, with\n Fusarium oxysporum<\/jats:italic>\n recognized as one of the most prevalent causal agents. Pydiflumetofen, a new\u2010generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, exhibits potent efficacy against\n Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n spp. However, the resistance risk and underlying mechanisms of the SRR pathogen to pydiflumetofen remain largely unexplored.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n Baseline sensitivity was determined using 104 isolates collected from five major soybean\u2010producing provinces. The half\u2010maximal effective concentration (EC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n ) values ranged from 0.0106 to 0.1068\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n , with a mean of 0.0437\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0187\u2009\u03bcg\u2009mL\n \u22121<\/jats:sup>\n . The unimodal frequency distribution indicated no naturally occurring resistant subpopulations in the field. Through fungicide\u2010directed laboratory selection, 12 resistant mutants were obtained, showing resistance factors (RFs) between 82.70 and 7136.98. Phenotypic characterization revealed divergent fitness costs among mutants. Sequence analysis identified two point mutations: A83V in FoSdhC\u2081 and D133N mutation in FoSdhD. Site\u2010directed mutagenesis via homologous recombination confirmed the causal relationship between these mutations and pydiflumetofen resistance. The A83V mutation conferred high\u2010level resistance (RF\u2009>\u2009100), while the D133N mutation conferred moderate\u2010level resistance (RF between 10 and 100). Cross\u2010resistance assays showed positive cross\u2010resistance with cyclobutrifluram, but no cross\u2010resistance with difenoconazole, fludioxonil, carbendazim, or pyraclostrobin.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n \n The resistance risk of\n F. oxysporum<\/jats:italic>\n to pydiflumetofen is categorized as moderate overall. The FoSdhC\u2081\n A83V<\/jats:sup>\n mutation confers high\u2010level resistance, and the FoSdhD\n D133N<\/jats:sup>\n mutation confers moderate\u2010level resistance. The established baseline provides a critical reference for field resistance monitoring, and these findings support the rational use of pydiflumetofen and the development of resistance management strategies. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:23:36Z","timestamp":1790655816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Baseline sensitivity to the\n SDHI<\/scp>\n fungicide pydiflumetofen and resistance mechanisms in\n Fusarium oxysporum<\/i>\n , one of the causal agents of soybean root rot in\n China<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaorui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syngenta (Shanghai) Crop Protection Technology Co., Ltd Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xili","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China"},{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4683-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianqiang","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High\u2010Efficiency Production, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection Northwest A&F University Yangling China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.03.039","article-title":"Soybean","volume":"36","author":"Duan Z","year":"2026","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57522-z","article-title":"European soybean to benefit people and the environment","volume":"14","author":"Rotundo JL","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Research progress on soybean root rot","volume":"32","author":"Cheng R","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin Agric Sci Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"804","article-title":"Research progress on key technologies for monitoring and control of soybean root rot","volume":"39","author":"Ye WW","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soybean Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Field control effects of different types of pesticides on soybean root rot","volume":"14","author":"Zhou JM","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agri Eng"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Identification and pathogenicity analysis of Fusarium species causing soybean root rot in Heilongjiang province","volume":"53","author":"Wang S","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Phytopathol Sin"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Research progress on soybean root rot in China","volume":"01","author":"Chen XJ","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soybean Sci Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.70215","article-title":"Inhibitory activity of pydiflumetofen against Fusarium spp. and its potential for controlling soybean root rot","volume":"75","author":"Zheng Y","year":"2026","journal-title":"Plant Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-02-25-0244-RE","article-title":"Inhibitory activities of SDHI fungicides against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and the biological role of FoSDHC1","volume":"110","author":"Cai S","year":"2026","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"2014","article-title":"A rapid detection and quantification selective medium for Fusarium oxysporum in soil","volume":"40","author":"Wang ZH","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pratacult Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"738","article-title":"Molecular identification of Fusarium pathogens causing soybean wilt in Langfang, Hebei","volume":"48","author":"Zhang YD","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Phytopathol Sin"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2018.08.011","article-title":"Molecular and biological characteristics of laboratory metconazole\u2010resistant mutants in Fusarium graminearum","volume":"152","author":"Duan Y","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pestic Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4197","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7616","article-title":"Resistant risk and resistance\u2010related point mutation in SdhC1 of pydiflumetofen in Fusarium pseudograminearum","volume":"79","author":"Li Y","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c08022","article-title":"Resistance risk and resistance\u2010related point mutation in SdhB and SdhC1 of cyclobutrifluram in Fusarium pseudograminearum","volume":"71","author":"Li Y","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms9112306","article-title":"Upscaled CTAB\u2010based DNA extraction and real\u2010time PCR assays for Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum DNA in plant material with reduced sampling error","volume":"9","author":"Brandfass C","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6795","article-title":"Fusarium graminearum FgSdhC1 point mutation A78V confers resistance to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor pydifumetofen","volume":"78","author":"Shao W","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5675","article-title":"Resistance risk assessment for Fusarium graminearum to pydiflumetofen, a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor","volume":"76","author":"Sun HY","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6053","article-title":"Resistance risk assessment for a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor pydiflumetofen in Fusarium asiaticum","volume":"77","author":"Chen W","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3913","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c07934","article-title":"Mitochondria\u2010associated protein FgNdk1 regulates the development, pathogenicity, and SDHI fungicide sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum by interacting with succinate dehydrogenase","volume":"72","author":"Wang C","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14911","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6c00040","article-title":"Succinate dehydrogenase subunits differentially regulate physiology, SDHI sensitivity, and DON biosynthesis in Fusarium pseudograminearum","volume":"74","author":"Li Y","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2024.105795","article-title":"Resistance risk, resistance mechanism and the effect on DON production of a new SDHI fungicide cyclobutrifluram in Fusarium graminearum","volume":"199","author":"Miao J","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pestic Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9010062","article-title":"Mechanism of pydiflumetofen resistance in Fusarium graminearum in China","volume":"9","author":"Zhou F","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24325","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c07013","article-title":"Resistance to the SDHI fungicide pydiflumetofen in Fusarium solani: risk assessment and resistance\u2010related point mutation in FsSdhC gene","volume":"72","author":"Mao X","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"}],"container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.71370","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ps.71370","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.71370","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:23:39Z","timestamp":1790655819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ps.71370"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ps.71370"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.71370","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-498X","1526-4998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ps.71370"}}