{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:50:01Z","timestamp":1792162201681,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human health risks associated with long\u2010distance pesticide transport are increasingly recognized but remain insufficiently assessed. Traditional assessments have focused on local applications, whereas growing evidence shows that pesticides can travel across large regions through air, water systems, and trade networks, leading to human exposure far from the original pesticide sources. In response, this study aims to propose an integrated conceptual framework that can identify key transport pathways, clarify long\u2010distance risk, and explore methods for quantifying exposure across interconnected systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identify four major groups of pathways through which long\u2010distance pesticide exposure can occur, including environmental transport, water distribution systems, food trade, and non\u2010food commodity trade. Based on these pathways, we propose a modular source\u2010to\u2010receptor assessment framework that links three main components: pesticide sources, transport, redistribution, and transformation processes, and receptor\u2010level exposure and risk. The framework can integrate pathway\u2010specific environmental fate and distribution, hydrological, infrastructure, crop, trade, and exposure models. We further propose a three\u2010tier implementation strategy: screening\u2010level prioritization, spatiotemporal modeling, and integrated receptor\u2010level assessment. Key considerations include source attribution, transformation products, uncertainty, and aggregate (across sources per pesticide) and cumulative (across pesticides) exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long\u2010distance pesticide transport should be considered as a system\u2010level exposure problem rather than as a series of isolated pathways. The proposed framework provides an initial basis for linking pesticide use with geographically displaced human exposure and may support future development of more integrated monitoring, assessment, and risk management approaches. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:39:41Z","timestamp":1791347981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification, quantification, and management of human health risks from long\u2010distance pesticide transport"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Yabi","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosafety, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Shenzhen China"},{"name":"School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9291-5966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zijian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosafety, Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7148-6982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Fantke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology Goethe University  Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences University of South Africa  Florida South Africa"},{"name":"substitute ApS  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-021-00712-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP14108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-025-02810-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2024.104101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120553"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b04275"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.01.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aea8602"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-025-00673-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-025-01733-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-026-06987-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13030474"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113611"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es301509u"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167797"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es900773u"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108653"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06296-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c05793"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.108280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2024.104340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","first-page":"3342","article-title":"Widespread pesticide distribution in the European atmosphere questions their degradability in air","volume":"58","author":"Mayer L","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2023.111159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57913-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-024-03082-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-012-1046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emcon.2019.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126175"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-024-01220-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-024-01679-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos14111603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5818"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oneear.2024.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es0352707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EM00676C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-025-02142-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180344"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2025.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enceco.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18189907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134612"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cjag.12279"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.137974"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz295"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2022.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29328\/journal.ijcmbt.1001025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2023.113955"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-020-08578-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110369"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-021-01889-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-4037-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-015-0910-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.124099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0884-6_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.5c00950"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-14-00110.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7EM00568G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2016.05.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.4596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-025-02666-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2020.101026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115605"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","unstructured":"EPA Exposure Assessment Tools by Media \u2010 Water and Sediment(2026).https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/expobox\/exposure-assessment-tools-media-water-and-sediment[accessed 19 August 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.139510"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10629360701303693"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2023.2220616"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-022-00601-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfutfo.2022.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-023-00476-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2014.942708"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36941-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545-023-00290-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2022.830589"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2017.1353936"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crsus.2024.100055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.70702"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","unstructured":"US EPA Guidance on Cumulative Risk Assessment of Pesticide Chemicals(2026).https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pesticide-science-and-assessing-pesticide-risks\/guidance-cumulative-risk-assessment-pesticide[accessed 21 March 2026]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","first-page":"e05634","article-title":"Guidance on harmonised methodologies for human health, animal health and ecological risk assessment of combined exposure to multiple chemicals","volume":"17","author":"More SJ","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","first-page":"678","article-title":"Include a mixture allocation factor to improve EU chemical risk management","volume":"390","author":"Backhaus T","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science (1979)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107610"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-021-00388-4"}],"container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.71372","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ps.71372","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ps.71372","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:25:17Z","timestamp":1792160717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ps.71372"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ps.71372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ps.71372","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-498X","1526-4998"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-498X","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4998","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"ps.71372"}}