{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:38:29Z","timestamp":1792741109043,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020912","name":"King Faisal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non\u2010chemical physical treatments may complement stored\u2010product pest management, but acute mortality alone may underestimate their value when surviving adults reproduce poorly and post\u2010treatment population recovery is suppressed. This study compared atmospheric cold\u2010plasma (CP; 10\u201320\u2009kV) and microwave (MW; 300\u2013900\u2009W) exposure against sex\u2010balanced adult cohorts of\n                      <jats:italic>Tribolium castaneum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Tribolium confusum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in wheat flour.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mortality increased with intensity and exposure duration. At 20\u2009min, Abbott\u2010corrected mortality reached 59.07% and 53.65% under CP\u201020\u2009kV and 59.59% and 59.38% under MW\u2010900\u2009W in\n                      <jats:italic>T. castaneum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>T. confusum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively. Despite incomplete acute mortality, F\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      emergence declined from 199.4 and 163.8 adults in untreated controls to 15.0 and 20.4 after CP and to 5.0 and 1.4 after MW. Both technologies delayed adult pre\u2010oviposition, shortened oviposition and longevity, reduced flour loss, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in survivors. In independent flour\u2010only assays at 20\u2009min, MW\u2010900\u2009W caused the largest quality changes, increasing peroxide value and free fatty acids while reducing extractable oil and gelatinization enthalpy. Species\u2010specific exploratory principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) of control and 20\u2010min profiles identified dominant treatment gradients. Principal component one (PC1) explained 90.55% and 89.84% of variance, and mean repeated five\u2010fold cross\u2010validation accuracy was 85.5% and 85.9%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CP and MW substantially suppressed post\u2010treatment population recovery beyond 24\u2010h mortality. MW gave stronger combined suppression but larger flour\u2010quality changes, whereas CP caused smaller measured quality shifts under the tested laboratory conditions. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:57:16Z","timestamp":1791518236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Demographic suppression and oxidative responses of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Tribolium<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    beetles to cold\u2010plasma and microwave treatment in wheat flour: efficacy\u2010quality trade\u2010offs"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Mouna","family":"Ghorbel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department Faculty of Science, University of Hai'l  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael","family":"Elmenofy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences King Faisal University  Al\u2010Ahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Mohamed","family":"El\u2010Mogy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences King Faisal University  Al\u2010Ahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherif M.","family":"El\u2010Ganainy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences King Faisal University  Al\u2010Ahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6063-4433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amged","family":"El\u2010Harairy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer\u2010Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Unit of Entomology Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6551-3451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed S","family":"Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stored Product Pests Research Department Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center  Kafr El\u2010Sheikh Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Stored\u2010Product Insect Resource","author":"Hagstrum D","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.54.110807.090451"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspr.2021.101774"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-080921-075157"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10030077"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-011019-025047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15100802"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10343-025-01229-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects13121162"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-023-01713-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-012-0912-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14112745"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-025-01939-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.27641"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Disinfestation of stored corn using microwave energy","volume":"1","author":"Vadivambal R","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agric Biol J N Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17010067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","unstructured":"RajagopalV Disinfestation of Stored Grain Insects Using Microwave Energy. 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