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Among these compounds, compound\n                      <jats:bold>6r<\/jats:bold>\n                      exhibited good antifungal activity with a half\u2010maximal effective concentration (EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) value of 3.05\u2009mg\/L. It was 1.56\u2010fold more potent than the commercial fungicide chlorothalonil (EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20094.75\u2009mg\/L) and 12.78\u2010fold more potent than the parent paeonol (EC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200938.99\u2009mg\/L).\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      bioassays show that compound\n                      <jats:bold>6r<\/jats:bold>\n                      attained 82.0% protective and 64.2% curative efficacy against\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium graminearum<\/jats:italic>\n                      at 3.1\u2009mg\/L, outperforming chlorothalonil with corresponding efficacy values of 72.7% and 61.4%. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that compound\n                      <jats:bold>6r<\/jats:bold>\n                      could inhibit sterol 14\u03b1\u2010demethylase (CYP51) activity, suppressed ergosterol biosynthesis, impaired the integrity of fungal cell membranes, and also induce intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. Notably, compound\n                      <jats:bold>6r<\/jats:bold>\n                      also presented negligible phytotoxicity toward wheat seedlings and low toxicity to honeybees.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results demonstrated that the ester linkage of paeonol and diphenyl ether skeletons remarkably improves antifungal activity, and compound\n                      <jats:bold>6r<\/jats:bold>\n                      serves as a promising lead for developing novel fungicides against\n                      <jats:italic>F. graminearum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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