{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:50:58Z","timestamp":1791521458339,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Insecticide baits are commonly used to control the German cockroach [\n                      <jats:italic>Blattella germanica<\/jats:italic>\n                      (L.)]. Because bait performance is dependent on foraging and feeding behavior, forced external exposures with bait active ingredients are often used to estimate physiological susceptibility without behavioral confounders. However, relying on external contact methods may not be appropriate for baits because of their oral route of entry. To increase the utilization of oral exposures for German cockroaches, we describe a novel method of conducting precise oral dosing of insecticides in an accessible and practical manner.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Peanut butter was used as the delivery medium in quantities of 1.5\u2009mg per adult male. Oral lethal doses of fipronil, indoxacarb, and dinotefuran were determined for the laboratory susceptible UCR and field\u2010collected Dav strains, resulting in resistance ratios (RR\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) of 14.4 (fipronil), 7.3 (indoxacarb), and 3.5 (dinotefuran) for the Dav strain. Bait bioassays using commercial fipronil, indoxacarb, and dinotefuran baits were performed to validate the method and compare with the lethal doses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The oral\u2010dosing method was compatible with both laboratory and field\u2010collected strains, providing an accessible way to enhance the accuracy of German cockroach bait toxicity studies in the future. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:35:45Z","timestamp":1791520545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An insecticide oral\u2010dosing method for the German cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4332-9628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shao\u2010Hung Dennis","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology University of California  Riverside CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Mancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology University of California  Riverside CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6205-7656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raj Kumar","family":"Saran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global R&amp;D Professional Solutions, Syngenta  Vero Beach FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chow\u2010Yang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology University of California  Riverside CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1071\/9781486312078.BK07899_ch10","volume-title":"Biology and Management of the German Cockroach","author":"Appel AG","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1071\/9781486312078.BK07899_ch09","volume-title":"Biology and Management of the German Cockroach","author":"Lee C\u2010Y","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4211","article-title":"Insecticide resistance and diminished secondary kill performance of bait formulations against German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)","volume":"72","author":"Ko AE","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pest Manag 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