{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:25:32Z","timestamp":1780446332460,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019553","name":"Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the past 14\u2009years, the invasive vinegar fly, spotted\u2010wing drosophila (<jats:italic>Drosophila suzukii<\/jats:italic>), has become one of the most damaging fruit pests in the United States. With regional economic losses estimated as high as $500\u00a0million for moderate infestations, <jats:italic>D. suzukii<\/jats:italic> control represents an often\u2010untenable cost to growers. Management relies heavily on chemical control, which may be applied up to nine times in one season. The widespread use of chemical controls has led to concerns about insecticide resistance, and resistant field populations have already been documented in California and Michigan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We cultured sub\u2010populations of three different Minnesota field populations of <jats:italic>D. suzukii<\/jats:italic> in the laboratory and exposed them to increasing concentrations of two commonly\u2010used insecticides, zeta\u2010cypermethrin (pyrethroid) and spinetoram (spinosyn). Over the exposure period, the sub\u2010populations experienced an 8\u2010 to 45\u2010fold increase in insecticide concentration. We saw significant increases in the median lethal concentration (LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) values of one sub\u2010population exposed to zeta\u2010cypermethrin and one exposed to spinetoram. Across the spinetoram exposures, we also observed significant reductions in the top mortality values for three different sub\u2010populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that field populations of <jats:italic>D. suzukii<\/jats:italic> can develop resistance to zeta\u2010cypermethrin and spinetoram in short periods of time under laboratory selection but that resistance to spinosyns occurs more readily than to pyrethroids. These results support other studies that have documented spinosyn resistance in field populations and in laboratory selections. Resistance evolution to spinosyns is a particularly important issue, as they represent one of few organic insecticide options for <jats:italic>D. suzukii<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2022 The Authors. <jats:italic>Pest Management Science<\/jats:italic> published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]],"date-time":"2022-08-20T04:05:25Z","timestamp":1660968325000},"page":"5203-5212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Propensity for resistance development in the invasive berry pest, <scp>spotted\u2010wing<\/scp> drosophila (<i>Drosophila suzukii<\/i>), under laboratory selection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2787-1784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie","family":"Deans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology University of Minnesota  St Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D","family":"Hutchison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology University of Minnesota  St Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2265"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2271"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-015-0681-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4001\/003.028.0078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18474\/JES16-07PT.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toz143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jipm\/pmz006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Spotted wing drosophila: potential economic impact of a newly established pest","volume":"13","author":"Bolda MP","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agric Resour Econ Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-016-0737-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toab158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"WeltyC Spotted Wing Drosophila: A new pest in Ohio's fruit crops.cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com\/u.osu.edu\/dist\/1\/8311\/files\/2018\/02\/SWD_Ohio_handoutV17-wlzzar.pdf[17 May 2022]"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.5240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toac011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4702"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12090794"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toac021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/amt\/tsv012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"The IRACMode of Action Classification Online.http:\/\/irac-online.org\/modes-of-action. 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