{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:45:48Z","timestamp":1791773148298,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005329","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The increasing prevalence of phytopathogenic oomycetes and bacteria, particularly\n Phytophthora capsici<\/jats:italic>\n (\n Pc<\/jats:italic>\n ) and\n Xanthomonas oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n pv.\n oryzae<\/jats:italic>\n (\n Xoo<\/jats:italic>\n ), poses severe threats to global agricultural production. Developing novel antimicrobial agents with dual antimicrobial activities, multiple mechanisms of action, and favorable biosafety profiles is urgently needed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n This study aims to design, synthesize, and evaluate formononetin derivatives as dual\u2010action antimicrobial agents against these pathogens, preliminarily elucidating their mechanisms and biosafety. Among the tested compounds,\n B14<\/jats:bold>\n showed the most potent inhibitory effects, with half\u2010maximal effective concentrations of 4.99\u2009\u03bcg\/mL against\n Pc<\/jats:italic>\n and 2.26\u2009\u03bcg\/mL against\n Xoo<\/jats:italic>\n . In\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n experiments,\n B14<\/jats:bold>\n displayed remarkable therapeutic activity. At 200 and 100\u2009\u03bcg\/mL against\n Pc<\/jats:italic>\n on eggplant fruits (76.9\u201384.0%), chili leaves (77.0\u201378.5%), and chili fruits (80.1\u201380.2%), and against bacterial leaf blight on rice (56.1\u201358.1%), significantly outperforming the commercial controls azoxystrobin and thiodiazole copper. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that\n B14<\/jats:bold>\n disrupted\n Pc<\/jats:italic>\n membrane integrity and induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, while suppressing bacterial virulence factors and defense enzyme activities. Theoretical predictions supported the observed structure\u2013activity relationships.\n B14<\/jats:bold>\n showed no significant phytotoxicity or developmental toxicity in seed germination and zebrafish embryo assays.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Formononetin derivative\n B14<\/jats:bold>\n is a promising dual\u2010action antimicrobial candidate with distinct mechanisms against oomycetes and bacteria, offering a sustainable strategy for managing phytopathogens. \u00a9 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.71392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:32:35Z","timestamp":1791772355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthesis and biological characterization of formononetin derivatives against phytopathogenic oomycete and bacteria: preliminary mechanisms, theoretical predictions, and biosafety evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junrong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingman","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals Guizhou University Guiyang 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