{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T02:04:14Z","timestamp":1783821854038,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021ZD0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ectoparasites of rodents play significant roles in disease transmission to humans. Conventional poisoning potentially reduces the population densities of rodents, however, they may increase the ectoparasite loads on the surviving hosts. EP\u20101 has been shown to have anti\u2010fertility effects on many rodent species, while ivermectin is effective in controlling ectoparasites. In this study, we examined the combined effects of EP\u20101 and ivermectin mixture (iEP\u20101) baits on rodents and their corresponding flea\/tick loads.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In males, the weight of testis, epididymis, and seminiferous vesicle were reduced to less than 33%, 25%, and 17%, respectively, compared to the control group following administration of iEP\u20101 for 7\u2009days. The weight of the uterus increased by approximately 75%. After 5\u2009days of iEP\u20101 intake, all ticks were killed, whereas 94% of fleas on mice died after 3\u2009days of bait intake. In the field test near Beijing, the flea index was reduced by more than 90% after 7\u2009days of iEP\u20101 bait delivery. In a field test in Inner Mongolia, the weights of testis, epididymis, and seminiferous vesicle were significantly reduced by 27%, 32%, and 57%, respectively, 2\u2009weeks after iEP\u20101 bait delivery. Approximately 36% rodents exhibited obvious uterine oedema accompanied by a weight increase of about 150%. The flea index was reduced by over 90%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicated that iEP\u20101 is a promising treatment for reducing the abundance of both small rodents and their ectoparasites; this will be effective for managing rodent damage and transmission of rodent\u2010borne diseases associated with fleas and ticks. \u00a9 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T11:43:56Z","timestamp":1665402236000},"page":"607-615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Synergistic effects of\n                    <scp>EP<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 and ivermectin mixture (\n                    <scp>iEP<\/scp>\n                    \u20101) to control rodents and their ectoparasites"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinrong","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 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