{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T04:59:28Z","timestamp":1785128368767,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]],"date-time":"2022-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pest Management Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The western flower thrips\n                      <jats:italic>Frankliniella occidentalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a worldwide agricultural pest, has developed resistance to an array of insecticides. Spinosad resistance confers an apparent fitness cost in\n                      <jats:italic>F.\u00a0occidentalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In the present study, we compared the reproductive capacities, ovary development, and the expression of the vitellogenin (\n                      <jats:italic>Vg<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) gene in spinosad\u2010susceptible (Ivf03) and \u2010resistant (NIL\u2010R) near isogenetic lines of\n                      <jats:italic>F.\u00a0occidentalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in order to clarify the reason for the fitness cost in spinosad resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The NIL\u2010R strain exhibited a 17.9% decrease in fecundity (eggs laid per female) as compared to the Ivf03 strain, and the ovariole was significantly shortened by 2.8% in the NIL\u2010R strain relative to the Ivf03 strain. Compared to the Ivf03 strain, the expression levels of Vg mRNA and protein were downregulated by 33.7% and 32.9% in the NIL\u2010R strain, respectively. Moreover, interference with the\n                      <jats:italic>Vg<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene significantly reduced the expression levels of Vg mRNA and protein, and decreased ovariole length, survival rates and the fecundity of both strains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results indicate that the downregulated expression of\n                      <jats:italic>Vg<\/jats:italic>\n                      may contribute to the reduction of ovariole length and consequently to a fitness cost in spinosad\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>F.\u00a0occidentalis.<\/jats:italic>\n                      The results not only increase our understanding of the evolution of insecticide resistance, but also could contribute to the formulation of control strategy of\n                      <jats:italic>F.\u00a0occidentalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . \u00a9 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.7253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T12:09:06Z","timestamp":1666267746000},"page":"771-780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Fitness cost of spinosad resistance related to vitellogenin in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Frankliniella occidentalis<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    (Pergande)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Dengke","family":"Hua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Protection Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing 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